Agent for altering the color of keratin fibers containing a fatty substance, a rheology modifying polymer, and direct dyes in a cream emulsion system

ABSTRACT

The present invention is drawn to an agent and process for altering the color of keratin fibers wherein the agent comprises: (A) a color base composition, containing from about 50% to about 80% by weight of a fatty substance comprising a fatty substance having a viscosity greater than about 50 mm 2 /s at 40° C.; and optionally, an additional fatty substance; a rheology modifying polymer; and an alkalizing agent; a short alkyl chain hydroxy compound chosen from monoalcohols and polyols; a direct dye; optionally an oxidative dye precursor; and (B) optionally, an oxidizing composition comprising an oxidizing agent.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an agent for altering the color of keratinous substrates, including human keratin fibers such as the hair. The agent for altering the color of keratin fibers comprises a fatty substance, a rheology modifying polymer, direct dyes, optionally, oxidative dyes and optionally, an oxidizing agent.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It is known that consumers desire to use cosmetic and personal care compositions that enhance the appearance of keratin fibers such as hair by changing the color of the hair and/or by imparting various properties to hair such as shine and conditioning. The process of changing the color of hair can involve either depositing an artificial color onto the hair which provides a different shade or color to the hair or lifting the color of the hair, such as for example, from a dark brown shade to a medium brown or a light brown shade.

Conventional hair coloring products include permanent hair dyeing products, also known as oxidation dyeing, which use the combination of compositions containing oxidative dye precursors, also known as primary intermediates or oxidation bases, and oxidizing products containing oxidizing agents such as peroxide and persulfate compounds, under alkaline pH conditions in the vast majority of cases. In general, the oxidation dye precursors comprise oxidation bases chosen from ortho- or para-phenylenediamines, ortho- or para-aminophenols, and heterocyclic compounds. These oxidation bases are colorless or weakly colored compounds, which, when combined with oxidizing products, can give access to colored species via a process of oxidative condensation. The shades obtained with these oxidation bases may often be varied by combining them with at least one coupler chosen, for example, from aromatic meta-diamines, meta-aminophenols, meta-diphenols, and certain heterocyclic compounds, such as indole compounds. The variety of molecules used as oxidation bases and couplers can allow a wide range of colors to be obtained.

Oxidative coloring compositions typically contain aqueous ammonia as an alkalizing agent and for activating the oxidizing agent. These alkalizing agents also cause the hair shaft to swell, thus allowing the small oxidative dye molecules to penetrate the cuticle and cortex before the oxidation condensation process is completed. The resulting larger-sized colored complexes from the oxidative reaction are then trapped inside the hair fiber, thereby permanently altering the color of the hair. However, the use of ammonia may affect the user, not only because of the undesirable odor of ammonia, but because it may also pose greater risks of intolerance, for instance, irritation of the scalp and stinging.

The option of replacing all or at least some of the aqueous ammonia with at least one other standard alkalizing agent frequently does not lead to compositions that are as efficient as those based on aqueous ammonia, for example since these alkalizing agents may not afford sufficient lightening of pigmented fibers in the presence of an oxidizing agent.

It is also known practice to dye keratin fibers by direct dyeing. The process conventionally used in direct dyeing comprises applying to the keratin fibers direct dyes, which are colored and coloring molecules that have affinity for the fibers, leaving the dyes to act in order to allow the colored molecules to penetrate, by diffusion, into the hair, and then rinsing the fibers.

In contrast with oxidation dye compositions, direct dye compositions may be used without the obligatory presence of an oxidizing agent. In addition, these direct dyeing operations may be performed repeatedly without degrading the keratin fiber.

It is known practice, for example, to use direct dyes of the nitrobenzene, anthraquinone, nitropyridine, azo, xanthene, acridine, azine, and triarylmethane dyes. Oxidative dye compounds and oxidizing agents as described above may optionally be used in direct dyeing compositions.

The leave-on time of a direct dye composition conventionally ranges from 15 to 45 minutes, depending on the nature of the fiber (sensitized or non-sensitized) and the nature of the dye used. A great deal of research has been conducted on reducing the leave-on time of dye compositions without, however, increasing the concentration of the constituents, while at the same time maintaining a good level of dyeing, i.e., good dyeing power and good fastness of the color with respect to external agents and over time.

Thus, it would be useful to provide direct dye compositions that are improved in terms of efficacy and speed of reaction and/or of penetration of the dye into the fiber, while at the same time maintaining good harmlessness, good resistance, and good selectivity, the latter resulting from the difference in color uptake between different parts of a hair or of a head of hair.

In order to improve the performance of such hair coloring compositions, the use of new and additional ingredients and novel combinations of ingredients are continuously sought; however, the choice of ingredients could pose difficulties insofar as they must improve the dyeing/lifting capability of the composition without being detrimental to other properties of the composition such as its application, rheology or viscosity properties, stability and/or resulting into more disadvantages such as increased damage or a less healthy look to the hair.

It is also important to provide hair coloring compositions with various types of consistency, such that the compositions can be provided in the form of a liquid emulsion, such as a liquid-lotion, liquid-gel, liquid-cream, or a cream emulsion, such as a thick cream or gel-cream, or a foam or mousse wherein the liquid emulsion form has a thinner consistency than the cream emulsion form and is typically packaged in a bottle. The liquid emulsion form is generally employed when the entire head of hair is to be colored or when only one color is desired since the dye composition spreads easily, allowing for greater coverage while the cream emulsion form can be employed for dyeing the entire head of hair and for highlighting or lightening only certain sections of the hair.

Thus, the objective of the present invention is to obtain novel compositions for oxidatively dyeing the hair. Another objective of the invention is to obtain hair coloring compositions that have a unique, non-drip consistency or rheology and yet spreads easily on the hair while imparting other advantages to the hair such as conditioning, a healthy appearance, shine and less damage to the hair.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to achieve these and other advantages, the present invention is drawn to an agent for altering the color of keratin fibers comprising:

(A) a color base composition, containing, in a cosmetically acceptable medium:

-   -   (a) from about 50% to about 80% by weight of a fatty substance         or a mixture of fatty substances comprising:         -   (i) at least 5% by weight of at least one fatty substance             having a viscosity greater than about 50 mm²/s at 40° C.;             and         -   (ii) from 0% to about 75% by weight of at least one             additional fatty substance other than (A)(a); all weights             being based on the total weight of (A);     -   (b) at least one rheology modifying polymer chosen from:         -   (i) a slightly cross-linked, alkali-swellable acrylate             polymer contained in an aqueous dispersion comprising about             30% by weight of total solids; and         -   (ii) a cross-linked anionic acrylate polymer contained in an             aqueous dispersion comprising about 32% by weight of total             solids; and     -   (c) at least one alkalizing agent;     -   (d) at least one short alkyl chain hydroxy compound chosen from         monoalcohols and polyols;     -   (e) at least one direct dye;     -   (f) optionally, at least one oxidative dye precursor; and

(B) optionally, an oxidizing composition comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium, at least one oxidizing agent.

The present invention is also drawn to a process of coloring keratinous fibers, comprising applying onto the keratin fibers the above-disclosed agent for altering the color of keratin fibers, such as hair, comprising applying said agent onto the fibers; and leaving said agent on the keratin fibers for a period of time sufficient to color the fibers.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Other than in the operating examples, or where otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients and/or reaction conditions are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about” which encompasses ±10%.

“At least one” as used herein means one or more and thus includes individual components as well as mixtures/combinations.

“Keratinous fiber” may be chosen from, for example, human hair.

“Formed from,” as used herein, means obtained from chemical reaction of, wherein “chemical reaction,” includes spontaneous chemical reactions and induced chemical reactions. As used herein, the phrase “formed from”, is open ended and does not limit the components of the composition to those listed, e.g., as component (i) and component (ii). Furthermore, the phrase “formed from” does not limit the order of adding components to the composition or require that the listed components (e.g., components (i) and (ii)) be added to the composition before any other components.

“Hydrocarbons,” as used herein, include alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, wherein the alkanes comprise at least one carbon, and the alkenes and alkynes each comprise at least two carbons; further wherein the hydrocarbons may be chosen from linear hydrocarbons, branched hydrocarbons, and cyclic hydrocarbons; further wherein the hydrocarbons may optionally be substituted; and further wherein the hydrocarbons may optionally further comprise at least one heteroatom intercalated in the hydrocarbon chain.

“Silicone compound,” as used herein, includes, for example, silica, silanes, silazanes, siloxanes, and organosiloxanes; and refers to a compound comprising at least one silicon; wherein the silicone compound may be chosen from linear silicone compounds, branched silicone compounds, and cyclic silicone compounds; further wherein the silicone compound may optionally be substituted; and further wherein the silicone compound may optionally further comprise at least one heteroatom intercalated in the silicone chain, wherein the at least one heteroatom is different from the at least one silicon.

“Substituted,” as used herein, means comprising at least one substituent. Non-limiting examples of substituents include atoms, such as oxygen atoms and nitrogen atoms, as well as functional groups, such as hydroxyl groups, ether groups, alkoxy groups, acyloxyalkyl groups, oxyalkylene groups, polyoxyalkylene groups, carboxylic acid groups, amine groups, acylamino groups, amide groups, halogen containing groups, ester groups, thiol groups, sulphonate groups, thiosulphate groups, siloxane groups, and polysiloxane groups. The substituent(s) may be further substituted.

“Polymers,” as defined herein, include homopolymers and copolymers formed from at least two different types of monomers.

The term “substantially free of ammonia” as defined herein means that the compositions or agent for altering the color of keratin fibers of the present invention is either completely free of ammonia (including ammonium ions) or contains no appreciable amount of ammonia (including ammonium ions), for example, no more than 1% by weight, or no more than 0.5% by weight, or no more than 0.3% by weight, or no more than 0.1% by weight, based on the weight of the compositions or agent for altering the color of keratinous substrates.

It has been surprisingly and unexpectedly discovered that when the color base and oxidizing compositions were mixed, the resulting agent for altering the color of keratin fibers (also called ready-to-use composition) had improved dyeing properties. For example, the agent for altering the color of keratin fibers provided coloring with good strength and/or intensity and/or good uniformity of the color along the fiber between the tip and the root of the hair (also called the selectivity of coloring) and/or good chromaticity. In addition, the agent for altering the color of keratin fibers can be applied without difficulty onto keratin fibers without running or dripping.

It has also been surprisingly and unexpectedly found that the color of hair can be effectively altered according to the present disclosure at a lowered cost and less time of production because lower amounts of dye compounds can be employed and the color base composition of the present invention can be prepared without the use of heat or using a cold process method.

Fatty Substances

The color base composition or the color base composition of the present invention comprises at least one fatty substance having a viscosity of greater than about 50 mm²/s at 40° C.

The viscosity of the at least one fatty substance having a viscosity of greater than about 50 mm²/s at 40° C. of the present invention is measured as kinematic viscosity according to the ASTM D 445 method and may range from between greater than about 50 to about 100 mm²/s at 40° C., preferably from about 50 to about 100 mm²/s at 40° C.

The at least one fatty substance having a viscosity of greater than about 50 mm²/s at 40° C. may be chosen from oils such as mineral oil (kinematic viscosity as measured by the ASTM D 445 method in units of mm²/s at 40° C.).

A preferred fatty substance having a viscosity of greater than 50 mm²/s at 40° C. is a mineral oil having a viscosity ranging from between about 63 to about 70 mm²/s at 40° C., commercially available from the supplier Sonneborn under the tradename Kaydol® Heavy White Mineral Oil or from the supplier Exxonmobil Chemical under the tradename Primol™ 352.

The at least one fatty substance having a viscosity of greater than about 50 mm²/s at 40° C. may also be referred to hereinafter as “high viscosity mineral oil.”

The color base composition of the present invention may further comprise an additional fatty substance other than the fatty substance having a viscosity of greater than about 50 mm²/s/at 40° C.

“Fatty substance” means an organic compound insoluble in water at normal temperature (25° C.) and at atmospheric pressure (750 mmHg) (solubility below 5% and such as below 1% and further such as below 0.1%). Fatty substances have in their structure a chain of at least two siloxane groups or at least one hydrocarbon chain having at least 6 carbon atoms. Moreover, fatty substances are generally soluble in organic solvents in the same conditions of temperature and pressure, for example in chloroform, ethanol, benzene or decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.

Fatty substances are, for example, chosen from lower alkanes, fatty alcohols, esters of fatty acid, esters of fatty alcohol, oils such as mineral, vegetable, animal and synthetic non-silicone oils, non-silicone waxes and silicones.

In some embodiments, the alcohols and esters have at least one linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, comprising 6 to 30 carbon atoms, optionally substituted, for example, with at least one hydroxyl group (for example 1 to 4). If they are unsaturated, these compounds can have one to three, conjugated or unconjugated, carbon-carbon double bonds.

With regard to the lower alkanes, in some embodiments, these have from 6 to 16 carbon atoms and are linear or branched, optionally cyclic. As examples, alkanes can be chosen from hexane and dodecane, isoparaffins such as isohexadecane and isodecane.

Non-limiting examples of non-silicone oils usable in the composition of the disclosure, include: hydrocarbon oils of animal origin, such as perhydrosqualene; hydrocarbon oils of vegetable origin, such as liquid triglycerides of fatty acids having from 6 to 30 carbon atoms such as triglycerides of heptanoic or octanoic acids, or for example sunflower oil, maize oil, soya oil, cucurbit oil, grapeseed oil, sesame oil, hazelnut oil, apricot oil, macadamia oil, arara oil, sunflower oil, castor oil, avocado oil, triglycerides of caprylic/capric acids such as those sold by the company Stearineries Dubois or those sold under the names MIGLYOL® 810, 812 and 818 by the company Dynamit Nobel, jojoba oil, shea butter oil; hydrocarbons with more than 16 carbon atoms, linear or branched, of mineral or synthetic origin, such as paraffin oils, petroleum jelly, liquid paraffin, polydecenes, hydrogenated polyisobutene such as Parleam®. fluorinated, partially hydrocarbon oils; as fluorinated oils, non-limiting examples include perfluoromethylcyclopentane and perfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane, sold under the names “FLUTEC® PC1” and “FLUTEC® PC3” by the company BNFL Fluorochemicals; perfluoro-1,2-dimethylcyclobutane; perfluoroalkanes such as dodecafluoropentane and tetradecafluorohexane, sold under the names “PF 5050®” and “PF 5060®” by the 3M Company, or bromoperfluorooctyl sold under the name “FORALKYL®” by the company Atochem; nonafluoro-methoxybutane and nonafluoroethoxyisobutane; derivatives of perfluoromorpholine, such as 4-trifluoromethyl perfluoromorpholine sold under the name “PF 5052®” by the 3M Company.

The fatty alcohols usable as fatty substances in the composition of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, non-alkoxylated, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, and have from 6 to 30 carbon atoms and more particularly from 8 to 30 carbon atoms; For example, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol and their mixture (cetylstearyl alcohol), octyldodecanol, 2-butyloctanol, 2-hexyldecanol, 2-undecylpentadecanol, oleic alcohol or linoleic alcohol.

The exemplary non-silicone wax or waxes that can be used in the composition of the disclosure are chosen from carnauba wax, candelilla wax, and Alfa wax, paraffin wax, ozokerite, vegetable waxes such as olive wax, rice wax, hydrogenated jojoba wax or absolute waxes of flowers such as the essential wax of blackcurrant flower sold by the company BERTIN (France), animal waxes such as beeswaxes, or modified beeswaxes (cerabellina); other waxes or waxy raw materials usable according to the disclosure are, for example, marine waxes such as that sold by the company SOPHIM under reference M82, waxes of polyethylene or of polyolefins in general.

The exemplary fatty acid esters are the esters of saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched C₁-C₂₆ aliphatic mono- or polyacids and of saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched C₁-C₂₆ aliphatic mono- or polyalcohols, the total number of carbons of the esters being, for example, greater than or equal to 10.

Among the monoesters, non-limiting mentions can be made of dihydroabietyl behenate; octyldodecyl behenate; isocetyl behenate; cetyl lactate; C₁₂-C₁₅ alkyl lactate; isostearyl lactate; lauryl lactate; linoleyl lactate; oleyl lactate; (iso)stearyl octanoate; isocetyl octanoate; octyl octanoate; cetyl octanoate; decyl oleate; isocetyl isostearate; isocetyl laurate; isocetyl stearate; isodecyl octanoate; isodecyl oleate; isononyl isononanoate; isostearyl palmitate; methyl acetyl ricinoleate; myristyl stearate; octyl isononanoate; 2-ethylhexyl isononate; octyl palmitate; octyl pelargonate; octyl stearate; octyldodecyl erucate; oleyl erucate; ethyl and isopropyl palmitates, ethyl-2-hexyl palmitate, 2-octyldecyl palmitate, alkyl myristates such as isopropyl, butyl, cetyl, 2-octyldodecyl, mirystyl, stearyl myristate, hexyl stearate, butyl stearate, isobutyl stearate; dioctyl malate, hexyl laurate, and 2-hexyldecyl laurate.

Further non-limiting mentions of esters can be made of the esters of C₄-C₂₂ di- or tricarboxylic acids and of C₁-C₂₂ alcohols and the esters of mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids and of C₂-C₂₆ di-, tri-, tetra- or pentahydroxy alcohols.

Even further non-limiting examples of esters include: diethyl sebacate; diisopropyl sebacate; diisopropyl adipate; di-n-propyl adipate; dioctyl adipate; diisostearyl adipate; dioctyl maleate; glyceryl undecylenate; octyldodecyl stearoyl stearate; pentaerythrityl monoricinoleate; pentaerythrityl tetraisononanoate; pentaerythrityl tetrapelargonate; pentaerythrityl tetraisostearate; pentaerythrityl tetraoctanoate; propylene glycol dicaprylate; propylene glycol dicaprate, tridecyl erucate; triisopropyl citrate; triisotearyl citrate; glyceryl trilactate; glyceryl trioctanoate; trioctyldodecyl citrate; trioleyl citrate, propylene glycol dioctanoate; neopentyl glycol diheptanoate; diethylene glycol diisanonate; and polyethylene glycol distearates.

Among the esters mentioned above, exemplary esters include ethyl, isopropyl, myristyl, cetyl, stearyl palmitates, ethyl-2-hexyl palmitate, 2-octyldecyl palmitate, alkyl myristates such as isopropyl, butyl, cetyl, 2-octyldodecyl myristate, hexyl stearate, butyl stearate, isobutyl stearate; dioctyl malate, hexyl laurate, 2-hexyldecyl laurate and isononyl isononanate, cetyl octanoate.

The composition can also comprise, as fatty ester, esters and di-esters of sugars of C₆-C₃₀, such as C₁₂-C₂₂ fatty acids. “Sugar” as used in the disclosure means oxygen-containing hydrocarbon compounds that possess several alcohol functions, with or without aldehyde or ketone functions, and having at least 4 carbon atoms. These sugars can be monosaccharides, oligosaccharides or polysaccharides.

As suitable sugars, non-limiting examples include sucrose, glucose, galactose, ribose, fucose, maltose, fructose, mannose, arabinose, xylose, lactose, and their derivatives, for example alkylated, such as methylated derivatives such as methylglucose.

The esters of sugars and of fatty acids can, for example, be chosen from the esters or mixtures of esters of sugars described previously and of linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C₆-C₃₀, such as C₁₂-C₂₂ fatty acids. If they are unsaturated, these compounds can have one to three, conjugated or unconjugated, carbon-carbon double bonds.

The esters according to at least one embodiment can also be chosen from mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-esters, polyesters and mixtures thereof.

These esters can be for example oleate, laurate, palmitate, myristate, behenate, cocoate, stearate, linoleate, linolenate, caprate, arachidonates, or mixtures thereof such as the oleo-palmitate, oleo-stearate, palmito-stearate mixed esters.

For example, the mono- and di-esters can be used, and such as the mono- or di-oleate, stearate, behenate, oleopalmitate, linoleate, linolenate, oleostearate, of sucrose, of glucose or of methylglucose.

Non-limiting mention can be made of the product sold under the name GLUCATE® DO by the company Amerchol, which is a dioleate of methylglucose.

Exemplary esters or of mixtures of esters of sugar of fatty acid include: the products sold under the names F160, F140, F110, F90, F70, SL40 by the company Crodesta, denoting respectively the palmito-stearates of sucrose formed from 73% of monoester and 27% of di- and tri-ester, from 61% of monoester and 39% of di-, tri-, and tetra-ester, from 52% of monoester and 48% of di-, tri-, and tetra-ester, from 45% of monoester and 55% of di-, tri-, and tetra-ester, from 39% of monoester and 61% of di-, tri-, and tetra-ester, and the mono-laurate of sucrose; the products sold under the name Ryoto Sugar Esters for example with the reference B370 and corresponding to the behenate of sucrose formed from 20% of monoester and 80% of di-triester-polyester; sucrose mono-di-palmito-stearate marketed by the company Goldschmidt under the name TEGOSOFT® PSE.

The silicones usable in the composition of the present disclosure include but are not limited to volatile or non-volatile, cyclic, linear or branched silicones, modified or not with organic groups, having a viscosity from 5×10⁻⁶ to 2.5 m²/s at 25° C., such as from 1×10⁻⁵ to 1 m²/s.

The silicones usable according to the disclosure can be in the form of oils, waxes, resins or gums.

In some embodiments, the silicone is chosen from the polydialkylsiloxanes, such as the polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS), and the organo-modified polysiloxanes having at least one functional group selected from the poly(alkoxylated) groups, the amine groups and the alkoxy groups.

The organopolysiloxanes are defined in more detail in the work of Walter NOLL “Chemistry and Technology of Silicones” (1968), Academic Press. They can be volatile or non-volatile.

When they are volatile, the silicones are, for example, chosen from those with a boiling point between 60° C. and 260° C., and for further examples, chosen from:

the cyclic polydialkylsiloxanes having from 3 to 7, such as from 4 to 5 silicon atoms. It can be, for example, the octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane marketed under the name VOLATILE SILICONE® 7207 by UNION CARBIDE or SILBIONE® 70045 V2 by RHODIA, the decamethylcyclopentasiloxane marketed under the name VOLATILE SILICONE® 7158 by UNION CARBIDE, and SILBIONE® 70045 V5 by RHODIA, and mixtures thereof.

Non-limiting mentions can also be made of the cyclocopolymers of the dimethylsiloxanes/methylalkylsiloxane type, such as SILICONE VOLATILE® FZ 3109 marketed by the company UNION CARBIDE, of the formula V:

Non-limiting mentions can further be made of the mixtures of cyclic polydialkylsiloxanes with organic compounds derived from silicon, such as the mixture of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and tetratrimethylsilylpentaerythritol (50/50) and the mixture of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and oxy-1,1′-(hexa-2,2,2′,2′,3,3′-trimethylsilyloxy)bis-neopentane.

Other suitable volatile silicones include the linear volatile polydialkylsiloxanes having 2 to 9 silicon atoms and with a viscosity less than or equal to 5×10⁻⁶ m²/s at 25° C. An example is decamethyltetrasiloxane, marketed under the name “SH 200” by the company TORAY SILICONE. Silicones included in this class are also described in the article published in Cosmetics and Toiletries, Vol. 91, January 76, p. 27-32-TODD BYERS “Volatile Silicone fluids for cosmetics”.

Even further non-limiting mentions can be made of non-volatile polydialkylsiloxanes, gums and resins of polydialkylsiloxanes, polyorganosiloxanes modified with the aforementioned organofunctional groups, and mixtures thereof.

These silicones are, for example, chosen from the polydialkylsiloxanes, such as the polydimethylsiloxanes with trimethylsilyl end groups. The viscosity of the silicones is measured at 25° C. according to standard ASTM 445 Appendix C.

Among these polydialkylsiloxanes, mention can be made of, non-exhaustively, the following commercial products: the SILBIONE® oils of series 47 and 70 047 or the MIRASIL® oils marketed by RHODIA, for example the oil 70 047 V 500 000; the oils of the MIRASIL® series marketed by the company RHODIA; the oils of the 200 series from the company DOW CORNING such as DC200, with a viscosity of 60 000 mm²/s; the VISCASIL® oils from GENERAL ELECTRIC and certain oils of the SF series (SF 96, SF 18) from GENERAL ELECTRIC.

Non-limiting mention can also be made of the polydimethylsiloxanes with dimethylsilanol end groups known under the name of dimethiconol (CTFA), such as the oils of the 48 series from the company RHODIA.

In this class of polydialkylsiloxanes, non-limiting mentions can be made of the products marketed under the names “ABIL WAX® 9800 and 9801” by the company GOLDSCHMIDT, which are polydialkyl (C₁-C₂₀) siloxanes.

The silicone gums usable according to the disclosure are, for example, polydialkylsiloxanes, such as polydimethylsiloxanes with high number-average molecular weights between 200,000 and 1,000,000 used alone or mixed in a solvent. This solvent can be chosen from the volatile silicones, the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) oils, the polyphenylmethylsiloxane (PPMS) oils, the isoparaffins, the polyisobutylenes, methylene chloride, pentane, dodecane, tridecane and mixtures thereof.

Products usable according to the disclosure are, for example, mixtures such as: mixtures formed from a chain end hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane, or dimethiconol (CTFA) and a cyclic polydimethylsiloxane also called cyclomethicone (CTFA), such as the product Q2 1401 marketed by the company DOW CORNING; mixtures of a polydimethylsiloxane gum and a cyclic silicone such as the product SF 1214 Silicone Fluid from the company GENERAL ELECTRIC, said product being a gum SF 30 corresponding to a dimethicone, having a number-average molecular weight of 500,000, dissolved in the oil SF 1202 Silicone Fluid corresponding to decamethylcyclopentasiloxane; mixtures of two PDMS of different viscosities, for example, of a PDMS gum and a PDMS oil, such as the product SF 1236 from the company GENERAL ELECTRIC. The product SF 1236 is a mixture of a gum SE 30 as defined above having a viscosity of 20 m²/s and an oil SF 96 with a viscosity of 5×10⁻⁶ M²/s. This product, for example, has 15% of gum SE 30 and 85% of oil SF 96.

The organopolysiloxane resins usable according to the disclosure include but are not limited to crosslinked siloxane systems containing the units: R₂SiO_(2/2), R₃SiO_(1/2), RSiO_(3/2) and SiO_(4/2)

in which R represents an alkyl having 1 to 16 carbon atoms. For example, R denotes a C₁-C₄ lower alkyl group such as methyl.

Among these resins, non-limiting mention can be made of the product marketed under the name “DOW CORNING 593” or those marketed under the names “SILICONE FLUID SS 4230 and SS 4267” by the company GENERAL ELECTRIC, which are silicones of dimethyl/trimethyl siloxane structure.

Non-limiting mention can also be made of the resins of the trimethylsiloxysilicate type, such as those marketed under the names X22-4914, X21-5034 and X21-5037 by the company SHIN-ETSU.

The organomodified silicones usable according to the disclosure include but are not limited to silicones as defined previously, having in their structure at least one organofunctional group fixed by a hydrocarbon group.

In addition to the silicones described above, the organomodified silicones can be polydiaryl siloxanes, such as polydiphenylsiloxanes, and polyalkyl-arylsiloxanes functionalized by the aforementioned organofunctional groups.

The polyalkarylsiloxanes are, for example, chosen from the polydimethyl/methylphenylsiloxanes, the polydimethyl/diphenylsiloxanes, linear and/or branched, with viscosity ranging from 1×10⁻⁵ to 5×10² m²/s at 25° C.

Among these polyalkarylsiloxanes, non-limiting mentins can be made of the products marketed under the following names: the SILBIONE® oils of series 70 641 from RHODIA; the oils of the series RHODORSIL® 70 633 and 763 from RHODIA; the oil DOW CORNING 556 COSMETIC GRADE FLUID from DOW CORNING; the silicones of the PK series from BAYER such as the product PK20; the silicones of the series PN, PH from BAYER such as the products PN1000 and PH1000; certain oils of the SF series from GENERAL ELECTRIC such as SF 1023, SF 1154, SF 1250, SF 1265.

Among the organomodified silicones, non-limiting mention can be made of the polyorganosiloxanes having: polyoxyethylene and/or polyoxypropylene groups optionally with C₆-C₂₄ alkyl groups such as the products called dimethicone copolyol marketed by the company DOW CORNING under the name DC 1248 or the oils SILWET® L 722, L 7500, L 77, L 711 from the company UNION CARBIDE and the alkyl (C₁₂)-methicone copolyol marketed by the company DOW CORNING under the name Q2 5200; substituted or unsubstituted amine groups such as the products marketed under the name GP 4 Silicone Fluid and GP 7100 by the company GENESEE or the products marketed under the names Q2 8220 and DOW CORNING 929 or 939 by the company DOW CORNING. The substituted amine groups are, for example, C₁-C₄ aminoalkyl groups; alkoxylated groups, such as the product marketed under the name “SILICONE COPOLYMER F-755” by SWS SILICONES and ABIL WAX® 2428, 2434 and 2440 by the company GOLDSCHMIDT.

For example, the fatty substance is chosen from compounds that are liquid or pasty at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure.

For further example, the fatty substance is a compound that is liquid at a temperature of 25° C. and at atmospheric pressure.

The fatty substance is, for example, chosen from the lower alkanes, fatty alcohols, esters of fatty acid, esters of fatty alcohol, and oils such as non-silicone mineral, vegetable and synthetic oils, including silicones.

According to at least one embodiment, the fatty substance is chosen from non-silicone compounds such as liquid paraffin, polydecenes, liquid esters of fatty acids and of fatty alcohols, and mixtures thereof.

In some embodiments, the fatty substance is chosen from alkanes, hydrocarbons and silicones.

The at least one additional fatty substance of the present invention may be chosen from the above disclosed fatty substances other than the fatty substance having a viscosity of greater than about 50 mm²/s at 40° C.

In certain embodiments, the at least one additional fatty substance has a viscosity of about 50 mm²/s or less at 40° C.

A preferred additional fatty substance is mineral oil having a viscosity of about 50 mm²/s or less at 40° C., for example, ranging from between about 14 to about 30 mm²/s at 40° C. and commercially available from several suppliers such as Sonneborn under the tradename Blandol, Armedsa under the tradename Aemoil M-302CG and Exxonmobil Chemical under the tradename Marcol 82.

The total amount of fatty substances, comprising the at least one fatty substance having a viscosity of greater than about 50 mm²/s at 40° C. and optionally, the at least one additional fatty substance is at least about 50% by weight and may be employed in an amount ranging from about 50% to about 80% by weight, preferably, from about 50% to about 70% by weight, more preferably, from about 50% to about 60% by weight, based on the total weight of the color base composition.

In certain embodiments, the at least one fatty substance having a viscosity of greater than about 50 mm²/s at 40° C. may be employed in an amount of from about 50% to about 80% by weight, or at about 50% by weight, or at about 60% by weight, based on the total weight of the color base composition. When the amount of the at least one fatty substance having a viscosity of greater than about 50 mm²/s at 40° C. is less than about 80% by weight, the at least one additional fatty substance may be employed in an amount such that the total amount of fatty substances is not more than about 80% by weight, based on the total weight of the color base composition.

Thus, the amount of the at least one additional fatty substance may be from 0% to about 75% by weight, or such as from about 5% to about 70% by weight, or such as from about 5% to about 60% by weight, or such as from about 5% to about 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the color base composition.

In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the color base composition is in the form of a liquid emulsion or a liquid-cream emulsion.

In other embodiments of the present invention, the viscosity and/or amount of the at least one additional fatty substance are such that the color base composition is in the form of a liquid emulsion or a liquid-cream emulsion.

In particularly preferred embodiments of the present invention, the at least one additional fatty substance is introduced into the color base composition of the present invention after an amount of the fatty substance having a viscosity of greater than about 50 mm²/s at 40° C. has been combined with the rheology modifying polymer of the present invention.

The at least one fatty substance having a viscosity of greater than about 50 mm²/s at 40° C. and the at least one additional fatty substance of the present invention may also be present in the oxidizing composition of the present invention.

Rheology Modifying Polymer

The at least one rheology modifying polymer of the present invention may be chosen from a slightly cross-linked, alkali-swellable acrylate polymer contained in an aqueous dispersion comprising about 30% by weight of total solids, a cross-linked anionic acrylate polymer contained in an aqueous dispersion comprising about 32% by weight of total solids, and mixtures thereof.

The slightly cross-linked, alkali-swellable acrylate polymer contained in an aqueous dispersion comprising about 30% by weight of total solids is commercially available from the supplier Lubrizol, under the tradename Carbopol® Aqua SF-1 and the INCI name acrylates copolymer.

The cross-linked anionic acrylate polymer contained in an aqueous dispersion comprising about 32% by weight of total solids is commercially available from the supplier Lubrizol, under the tradename Carbopol® Aqua SF-2 and the INCI name acrylates crosspolymer-4.

In preferred embodiments, the at least one rheology modifying polymer of the present invention is neutralized in a water or an aqueous solution with a neutralizing agent before the polymer is added into the color base composition of the present invention.

In other preferred embodiments, the at least one rheology modifying polymer of the present invention is neutralized with a neutralizing agent at the time of addition of the polymer into the color base composition of the present invention.

Suitable neutralizing agents are chosen from organic amines, organic amine salts, and ammonium salts such as ethylamines, ethyleneamines, alkanolamines, cyclic amines and other cyclic compounds, saturated or unsaturated, having one or more nitrogen atoms within the ring.

The neutralizing agent is employed in an amount sufficient to neutralize the rheology modifying polymer of the present invention in a water or an aqueous solution such that the solution becomes clear.

The at least one rheology modifying polymer of the present invention may be employed in an amount of from about 0.3% to about 3% by weight, such as from about 0.45% to about 2.75% by weight, further such as from about 0.5% to about 2% by weight, or such as about 2.55%, or such as about 1.95% by weight, based on the total weight of the color base composition of the present invention.

In preferred embodiments, the at least one fatty substance having a viscosity of greater than about 50 mm²/s at 40° C. and the at least one rheology modifying polymer are present in the color base composition such that the weight ratio of said fatty substance to the rheology modifying polymer ranges from about 25:1 to about 3:1, or such as from about 22.5:1 to about 5:1, or such as from about 20:1 to about 10:1 or such as from about 10:1 to about 5:1.

Alkalizing Agents

The alkalizing agent of the present invention may be chosen from organic amines, organic amine salts, ammonium salts, inorganic bases, and hydroxide base compounds.

The organic amines may be chosen from the ones having a pKb at 25° C. of less than 12, such as less than 10 or such as less than 6. It should be noted that this is the pKb corresponding to the function of highest basicity.

Organic amines may be chosen from organic amines comprising one or two primary, secondary, or tertiary amine functions, and at least one linear or branched C₁-C₈ alkyl groups bearing at least one hydroxyl radical.

Organic amines may also be chosen from alkanolamines such as mono-, di- or trialkanolamines, comprising one to three identical or different C₁-C₄ hydroxyalkyl radicals, ethylamines, ethyleneamines, quinoline, aniline and cyclic amines, such as pyrroline, pyrrole, pyrrolidine, imidazole, imidazolidine, imidazolidinine, morpholine, pyridine, piperidine, pyrimidine, piperazine, triazine and derivatives thereof.

Among the compounds of the alkanolamine type that may be mentioned include but not limited to: monoethanolamine (also known as monoethanolamine or MEA), diethanolamine, triethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, N-dimethylaminoethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, triisopropanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-amino-1,2-propanediol, 3-dimethylamino-1,2-propanediol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, and tris(hydroxymethylamino)methane.

The organic amines correspond to the formula (IV):

wherein W is chosen from C₁-C₆ alkylene residues optionally substituted with a hydroxyl group or a C₁-C₆ alkyl radical; Rx, Ry, Rz and Rt, which may be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom, C₁-C₆ alkyl radicals, C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl radicals, and C₁-C₆ aminoalkyl radicals.

Examples of such amines that may be mentioned include but not limited to: 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,3-diamino-2-propanol, spermine, and spermidine.

In some embodiments, the organic amines are chosen from amino acids.

As non-limiting examples, the amino acids that may be used may be of natural or synthetic origin, in L, D, or racemic form, and comprise at least one acid function chosen from, for instance, carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid, and phosphoric acid functions. The amino acids may be in their neutral or ionic form.

Further as non-limiting examples, the amino acids may be chosen from basic amino acids comprising an additional amine function optionally included in a ring or in a ureido function.

Such basic amino acids may be chosen from those corresponding to formula (A) below:

wherein R is a group chosen from:

The compounds corresponding to formula (A) may be chosen from histidine, lysine, arginine, ornithine, and citrulline.

Amino acids that may be used in the present disclosure include but not limited to: aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, arginine, ornithine, citrulline, asparagine, carnitine, cysteine, glutamine, glycine, histidine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, N-phenylalanine, proline, serine, taurine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine.

In some embodiments, the organic amines are chosen from basic amino acids. The amino acids may be chosen from, for instance, arginine, lysine and histidine, or mixtures thereof.

In some embodiments, the organic amines are chosen from organic amines of heterocyclic type. Besides histidine that has already been mentioned in the amino acids, non-limiting mention may also be made of pyridine, piperidine, imidazole, 1,2,4-triazole, tetrazole, and benzimidazole.

In some embodiments, the organic amines are chosen from amino acid dipeptides. Amino acid dipeptides that may be used in the present disclosure include but not limited to: carnosine, anserine, and baleine.

In some embodiments, the organic amines are chosen from compounds comprising a guanidine function. Organic amines of this type that may be used in the present disclosure include, besides arginine that has already been mentioned as an amino acid, creatine, creatinine, 1,1-dimethylguanidine, 1,1-diethylguanidine, glycocyamine, metformin, agmatine, N-amidinoalanine, 3-guanidinopropionic acid, 4-guanidinobutyric acid, and 2-([amino(imino)methyl]amino)ethane-1-sulfonic acid.

As a non-limiting example, the organic amines are chosen from alkanolamines. For example, the organic amines are chosen from 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol and monoethanolamine, or mixtures thereof. Further as an example, the organic amine is monoethanolamine.

The alkalizing agent may be an organic amine in salt form. The term “organic amine salt,” as used herein, means organic or mineral salts of an organic amine as described above.

As a non-limiting example, the organic salts may be chosen from the salts of organic acids, such as citrates, lactates, glycolates, gluconates, acetates, propionates, fumarates, oxalates and tartrates.

Further as a non-limiting example, the mineral salts may be chosen from hydrohalides (for example hydrochlorides), carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, sulfates, hydrogen phosphates, and phosphates.

The ammonium salts that may be used according to the present disclosure may be chosen from the following acid salts: carbonate, bicarbonate. For instance, the salt is the carbonate, such as ammonium carbonate.

The inorganic bases that may be used may be chosen from alkali metal phosphates and carbonates such as, for example, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and their derivatives.

The inorganic bases may also include alkali metals of carboxylates such as, for example, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium citrate, and potassium citrate, and their derivatives.

The hydroxide base compounds can be chosen from alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline-earth metal hydroxides, transition metal hydroxides, quaternary ammonium hydroxides, organic hydroxides, and mixtures thereof. Suitable examples are ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, caesium hydroxide, francium hydroxide, beryllium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, molybdenum hydroxide, manganese hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, cobalt hydroxide, cadmium hydroxide, cerium hydroxide, lanthanum hydroxide, actinium hydroxide, thorium hydroxide, aluminium hydroxide, guanidinium hydroxide and mixtures thereof.

According to at least one embodiment, the alkalizing agent is chosen from at least one organic amine such as at least one alkanolamine. A particularly preferred alkanolamine is ethanolamine (also known as monoethanolamine or MEA).

The at least one alkalizing agent of the present invention may be employed in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 30% by weight, such as from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight, and further such as from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight, preferably from about 0.5% to about 5%, based on the total weight of the color base composition of the present invention.

In certain embodiments, a portion of the alkalizing agent is used to neutralize the at least one rheology modifying polymer before or after the polymer is added during the process of making the color base composition.

According to at least one embodiment, the compositions or agents for altering the color of keratin fibers of the present invention contain a small amount of ammonia, or is substantially free of ammonia.

Short Chain Hydroxy Compounds

The at least one short alkyl chain hydroxy compound chosen from monoalcohols and polyols of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, ethanol (alcohol denatured), propanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, propane diol, and mixtures thereof.

Other suitable short alkyl chain hydroxy compounds chosen from monoalcohols and polyols can be volatile or non-volatile compounds.

The at least one short alkyl chain hydroxy compound chosen from monoalcohols and polyols may be employed according to the present invention in an amount ranging from about 0.5% to about 15% by weight, such as from about 1% to about 12% by weight, or such as from about 3% to about 10% by weight, or such as from about 5% to about 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the color base composition of the present invention.

Direct Dyes

The direct dyes useful in accordance with the present disclosure may be chosen from neutral, acidic, or cationic nitrobenzene dyes; neutral, acidic, or cationic azo direct dyes; neutral, acidic, or cationic quinone, for instance, anthraquinone, direct dyes; azine direct dyes; triarylmethane direct dyes; indoamine direct dyes; and natural direct dyes.

Non-limiting examples of benzene-based direct dyes that may be used herein include: 1,4-diamino-2-nitrobenzene, 1-amino-2-nitro-4-.beta.-hydroxyethylaminobenzene, 1-amino-2-nitro-4-bis(.beta.-hydroxyethyl)aminobenzene, 1,4-bis(.beta.-hydroxyethylamino)-2-nitrobenzene, 1-.beta.-hydroxyethylamino-2-nitro-4-bis(.beta.-hydroxyethylamino)benzene-. 1-.beta.-hydroxyethylamino-2-nitro-4-aminobenzene, 1-.beta.-hydroxyethylamino-2-nitro-4-(ethyl)(.beta.-hydroxyethyl)aminoben-zene, 1-amino-3-methyl-4-.beta.-hydroxyethylamino-6-nitrobenzene, 1-amino-2-nitro-4-.beta.-hydroxyethylamino-5-chlorobenzene, 1,2-diamino-4-nitrobenzene, 1-amino-2-.beta.-hydroxyethylamino-5-nitrobenzene, 1,2-bis(.beta.-hydroxyethylamino)-4-nitrobenzene, 1-amino-2-tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino-5-nitrobenzene, 1-hydroxy-2-amino-5-nitrobenzene, 1-hydroxy-2-amino-4-nitrobenzene, 1-hydroxy-3-nitro-4-aminobenzene, 1-.beta.-hydroxyethyloxy-2-.beta.-hydroxyethylamino-5-nitrobenzene, 1-methoxy-2-.beta.-hydroxyethylamino-5-nitrobenzene, 1-.beta.-hydroxyethyloxy-3-methylamino-4-nitrobenzene, 1-.beta.,.gamma.-dihydroxypropyloxy-3-methylamino-4-nitrobenzene, 1-.beta.-hydroxyethylamino-4-.beta.,.gamma.-dihydroxypropyloxy-2-nitroben-zene, 1-.beta.,.gamma.-dihydroxypropylamino-4-trifluoromethyl-2-nitrobenze-ne, 1-.beta.-hydroxyethylamino-4-trifluoromethyl-2-nitrobenzene, 1-.beta.-hydroxyethylamino-3-methyl-2-nitrobenzene, 1-.beta.-aminoethylamino-5-methoxy-2-nitrobenzene, 1-hydroxy-2-chloro-6-ethylamino-4-nitrobenzene, 1-hydroxy-2-chloro-6-amino-4-nitrobenzene, 1-hydroxy-6-bis(.beta.-hydroxyethyl)amino-3-nitrobenzene, 1-.beta.-hydroxyethylamino-2-nitrobenzene, and 1-hydroxy-4-.beta.-hydroxyethylamino-3-nitrobenzene.

Suitable azo direct dyes may be chosen from, but not limited to, the cationic azo dyes described in International Patent Application Publication Nos. WO 95/15144, WO 95/01772, WO 02/078 660, WO 02/100 834, and WO 02/100 369, European Patent Application No. 0 714 954, and French Patent Application Nos. 2 822 696, 2 825 702, 2 825 625, 2 822 698, 2 822 693, 2 822 694, 829 926, 2 807 650, and 2 844 269, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

Examples of such azo compounds include, but are not limited to: 1,3-dimethyl-2-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]azo]-1H-imidazolium chloride, 1,3-dimethyl-2-[(4-aminophenyl)azo]-1H-imidazolium chloride, and 1-methyl-4-[(methylphenylhydrazono)methyl]pyridinium methyl sulfate.

Further non-limiting examples of suitable azo direct dyes include the following dyes, described in the Color Index International, 3rd edition: Acid Yellow 9, Acid Black 1, Basic Red 22, Basic Red 76, Basic Yellow 57, Basic Brown 16, Acid Yellow 36, Acid Orange 7, Acid Red 33, Acid Red 35, Basic Brown 17, Acid Yellow 23, and Acid Orange 24.

1-(4′-aminodiphenylazo)-2-methyl-4-bis(.beta.-hydroxyethyl)aminobenzene and 4-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenylazo)-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid are also suitable for use as azo direct dyes.

Quinone direct dyes may be chosen, for example, from: Acid Violet 43, Acid Blue 62, Basic Blue 22, Basic Blue 99, and also 1-N-methylmorpholiniumpropylamino-4-hydroxyanthraquinone, 1-aminopropylamino-4-methylaminoanthraquinone, 1-aminopropylaminoanthraquinone, 5-.beta.-hydroxyethyl-1,4-diaminoanthraquinone, 2-aminoethylaminoanthraquinone, and 1,4-bis(.beta.,.gamma.-dihydroxypropylamino)anthraquinone.

Non-limiting examples of azine dyes include: Basic Blue 17, and Basic Red 2.

Suitable triarylmethane dyes may include, for example: Basic Green 1, Acid blue 9, Basic Violet 3, Basic Violet 14, Basic Blue 7, Acid Violet 49, Basic Blue 26, and Acid Blue 7.

A non-limiting example of an indoamine dye that may be used in accordance with the present disclosure is: 2-.beta.-hydroxyethylamino-5-[bis(.beta.-4′-hydroxyethyl)amino]anilino-1,-4-benzoquinone.

Natural direct dyes may be chosen, for example, from carminic acid, kermesic acid, purpurogallin, protocatechaldehyde, isatin, curcumin, spinulosin, and apigenidin. It is also possible to use extracts or decoctions containing these natural dyes, for example, henna-based poultices and extracts.

The at least one direct dye may be present in the dye composition in an amount ranging from 0.001% to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the dye composition, for example, from 0.005% to 10% by weight.

Oxidative Dye Precursors

Typically the oxidative dye precursors are selected from ortho- or para-phenylenediamines, ortho- or para-aminophenols and heterocyclic compounds. These oxidation bases are colourless or lightly coloured compounds which, in combination with oxidizing products, allow coloured species to be obtained, by a process of oxidative condensation.

Useful oxidative dye precursors of the present disclosure include, by way of example only, aromatic diamines, polyhydric phenols, amino phenols, and derivatives of these compounds, such as, for example, N-substituted derivatives of the amines, and ethers of the phenols.

By way of non-limiting example, oxidative dye precursors may be chosen from ortho- or para-aminophenols, ortho- or para-phenylenediamines, double bases, heterocyclic bases, and the acid addition salts thereof.

Exemplary para-phenylenediamines which may be chosen include compounds of the general formula (IV) and their addition salts with an acid:

wherein, in formula (IV):

-   -   R8 represents a hydrogen atom, a C1-C4 alkyl radical, a C1-C4         monohydroxyalkyl radical, a C2-C4 polyhydroxyalkyl radical, a         (C1-C4)alkoxy(C1-C4)alkyl radical, a C1-C4 alkyl radical         substituted by a nitrogenous group, a phenyl radical or a         4′-aminophenyl radical;     -   R9 represents a hydrogen atom, a C1-C4 alkyl radical, a C1-C4         monohydroxyalkyl radical, a C2-C4 polyhydroxyalkyl radical, a         (C1-C4)alkoxy(C1-C4)alkyl radical or a C1-C4 radical substituted         by a nitrogenous group;     -   R8 and R9 can also form, with the nitrogen atom which carries         them, a 5- or 6-membered nitrogenous heterocycle optionally         substituted by one or more alkyl, hydroxyl or ureido groups;     -   R10 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, such as a         chlorine atom, a C1-C4 alkyl radical, a sulpho radical, a         carboxyl radical, a C1-C4 monohydroxyalkyl radical, a C1-C4         hydroxyalkoxy radical, a C1-C4 acetylaminoalkoxy radical, a         C1-C4 mesylaminoalkoxy radical or C1-C4 carbamoylaminoalkoxy         radicals; and     -   R11 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C1-C4 alkyl         radical.

By way of example, among the nitrogenous groups in the above formula (IV), of the amino, mono(C1-C4)alkylamino, di (C1-C4) alkylamino, tri(C1-C4)alkylamino, monohydroxy(C1-C4) alkylamino, imidazolinium and ammonium radicals may be chosen. Exemplary para-phenylenediamines of above formula (XXIII), include para-phenylenediamine, para-toluoylenediamine, 2-chloro-para-phenylenediamine, 2,3-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,6-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,6-diethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,5-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, N,N-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, N,N-diethyl-para-phenylenediamine, N,N-dipropyl-para-phenylenediamine, 4-amino-N,N-diethyl-3-methylaniline, N,N-bis(beta-hydroxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine, 4-N,N-bis(beta-hydroxyethyl)amino-2-methylaniline, 4-N,N-bis(beta-hydroxyethyl)amino-2-chloroaniline, 2-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine, 2-fluoro-para-phenylenediamine, 2-isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine, N-(beta-hydroxypropyl)-para-phenylenediamine, 2-hydroxymethyl-para-phenylenediamine, N,N-dimethyl-beta-methyl-para-phenylenediamine, N-ethyl-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine, N-(beta,gamma-dihydroxypropyl)-para-phenylenediamine, N-(4′-aminophenyl)-para-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2-((beta-hydroxyethyloxy)-para-phenylenediamine, 2-((beta-acetylaminoethyloxy)-para-phenylenediamine, N-(beta-methoxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine, 2-methyl-1-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine and their addition salts with an acid.

Exemplary ortho-phenylenediamines, include N1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine, 4-methyl-o-phenylenediamine, and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine and acid addition salts thereof.

As used herein, the term “double bases” means compounds comprising at least two aromatic nuclei having at least one of amino and hydroxyl groups. For example, double bases may be chosen from compounds of the formula (V) and their addition salts with an acid:

wherein, in formula (V):

-   -   Z1 and Z2 may independently be chosen from a hydroxyl or —NH2         radical which can be substituted by a C1-C4 alkyl radical or by         a connecting arm Y;     -   the connecting arm Y is chosen from a linear or branched         alkylene chain comprising from 1 to 14 carbon atoms which can be         interrupted or terminated by one or more nitrogenous groups         and/or by one or more heteroatoms, such as oxygen, sulphur or         nitrogen atoms, and which is optionally substituted by one or         more hydroxyl or C1-C6 alkoxy radicals;     -   R12 and R13 are independently chosen from a hydrogen or halogen         atom, a C1-C4 alkyl radical, a C1-C4 monohydroxyalkyl radical, a         C2-C4 polyhydroxyalkyl radical, a C1-C4 aminoalkyl radical or a         connecting arm Y;     -   R14, R15, R16, R17, R18 and R19 are independently chosen from a         hydrogen atom, a connecting arm Y or a C1-C4 alkyl radical;

wherein compounds of formula (V) only comprise a single connecting arm Y per molecule.

In various embodiments, nitrogenous groups of the above formula (V), may be chosen from amino, mono(C1-C4)alkylamino, di(C1-C4)alkylamino, tri(C1-C4)alkylamino, monohydroxy(C1-C4)alkylamino, imidazolinium and ammonium radicals.

Nonlimiting examples of double bases include N,N′-bis(beta-hydroxyethyl)-N,N′-bis(4′-aminophenyl)-1,3-diamino-propan-ol, N,N′-bis(beta-hydroxyethyl)-N,N′-bis(4′-aminophenyl)ethylenediamine, N,N′-bis(beta-aminophenyl)-tetramethylenediamine, N,N′-bis(4-hydroxyethyl)-N,N′-bis(4-aminophenyl)tetramethylenediamine, N,N′-bis(4-methylaminophenyl)tetramethylenediamine, N,N′-diethyl-N,N′-bis(4′-amino-3′-methylphenyl)ethylenediamine, 1,8-bis(2,5-diamino-phenoxy)-3,5-dioxaoctane, and their addition salts with an acid.

Non-limiting examples of para-aminophenols which can be used in the context of the invention can be chosen in particular from the compounds corresponding to the following formula (VI): and their addition salts with an acid:

wherein, in formula (VI):

-   -   R20 is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, such as         fluorine, a C1-C4 alkyl radical, a C1-C4 monohydroxyalkyl         radical, a (C1-C4)alkoxy(C1-C4) alkyl radical, a C1-C4         aminoalkyl radical or a hydroxy(C1-C4)alkylamino-(C1-C4)alkyl         radical, and     -   R21 is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, such as         fluorine, a C1-C4 alkyl radical, a C1-C4 monohydroxyalkyl         radical, a C2-C4 polyhydroxyalkyl radical, a C1-C4 aminoalkyl         radical, a C1-C4 cyanoalkyl radical or a (C1-C4) alkoxy(C1-C4)         alkyl radical.

By way of example only, para-aminophenol, 4-amino-3-methylphenol, 4-amino-3-fluorophenol, 4-amino-3-hydroxymethylphenol, 4-amino-2-methylphenol, 4-amino-2-hydroxymethyl phenol, 4-amino-2-methoxymethylphenol, 4-amino-2-aminomethylphenol, 4-amino-2-(beta-hydroxyethylaminomethyl)phenol, N-methyl-para-aminophenol, and the acid addition salts thereof may be chosen.

Exemplary ortho-aminophenols may be chosen from 2-aminophenol, 2-amino-1-hydroxy-5-methylbenzene, 2-amino-1-hydroxy-6-methylbenzene, 5-acetamido-2-aminophenol, and the acid addition salts thereof.

Exemplary heterocyclic bases may be chosen from pyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, pyrazole derivatives, pyrazolinone derivatives, and the acid addition salts thereof.

Non-limiting examples of pyridine derivatives include, for example, those disclosed in GB1026978 and GB1153196, both incorporated by reference herein, such as 2,5-diaminopyridine, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)amino-3-aminopyridine, 2,3-diamino-6-methoxypyridine, 2-(beta-methoxyethyl)amino-3-amino-6 methoxypyridine, 3,4-diaminopyridine, and the acid addition salts thereof.

Non-limiting examples of pyrimidine derivatives include, for example, those described in DE 2 359 399, JP 88-169 571, JP 91-10659 and WO 96/15765, all incorporated by reference herein, such as 2,4,5,6-tetra-aminopyrimidine, 4-hydroxy-2,5,6-triaminopyrimidine, 2-hydroxy-4,5,6-triamino-pyrimidine, 2,4-dihydroxy-5,6-diaminopyrimidine, 2,5,6-triaminopyrimidine, and the pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives, such as those mentioned in French Application FR-A-2 750 048 and among which may be mentioned pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,7-diamine; 2,5-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,7-diamine; pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,5-diamine; 2,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,5-diamine; 3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ol; 3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-ol; 2-(3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ylamino)ethanol; 2-(7-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-ylamino)ethanol; 2-[(3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol; 2-[(7-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol; 5,6-dimethyl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,7-diamine; 2,6-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,7-diamine; 2,5,N7,N7-tetramethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,7-diamine; 3-amino-5-methyl-7-(imidazolylpropylamino)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine; and their addition salts and their tautomeric forms, when there exists a tautomeric equilibrium, and their addition salts with an acid.

Non-limiting examples of pyrazole and pyrazolinone derivatives include the compounds described in DE 3,843,892, DE 4,133,957, WO 94/08969, WO 94/08970, FR-A-2,733,749, and DE 195 43 988, all of which are incorporated by reference herein, such as 4,5-diamino-1-methyl-pyrazole, 3,4-diaminopyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-(4′-chlorobenzyl)pyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1,3-dimethylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-methyl-3-phenylpyrazole, 4-amino-1,3-dimethyl-5-hydrazinopyrazole, 1-benzyl-4,5-diamino-3-methylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-3-tert-butyl-1-methylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-tert-butyl-3-methylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-(beta-hydroxyethyl)pyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-ethyl-3-methylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-ethyl-3-(4′-methoxyphenyl)pyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-ethyl-3-hydroxymethylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-3-hydroxymethyl-1-methylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-3-hydroxymethyl-1-isopropylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-3-methyl-1-isopropylpyrazole, 4-amino-5-(2′-aminoethyl)amino-1,3-dimethyl-pyrazole, 3,4,5-triaminopyrazole, 1-methyl-3,4,5-triaminopyrazole, 3,5-diamino-1-methyl-4-methylaminopyrazole, 3,5-diamino-4-(p-hydroxyethyl)amino-1-methylpyrazole, 2-(4,5-diamino-1H-pyrazol-1-yl), H2SO4, 2,3-diamino-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-z]pyrazol-1-one, 1-methyl-3-phenyl-2-pyrazolinone, and the acid addition salts thereof.

The at least one oxidation dye precursor may be present in the color base composition of the present disclosure in an amount ranging from, for example, about 0.0001% to about 12%, such as from about 0.0001% to about 8.0%, or from about 0.005% to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the color base composition.

Furthermore, one or more oxidative dye precursors of the present disclosure may be employed in combination with one or more couplers.

The shades obtained with the use of oxidative dye precursors are very often varied by combining them with one or more couplers, the latter being selected in particular from aromatic meta-diamines, meta-aminophenols, meta-diphenols and certain heterocyclic compounds, such as indole compounds.

The variety of the molecules employed for the oxidation bases and couplers allows a rich palette of colours to be obtained.

The couplers that may be used in the present disclosure include those conventionally used in oxidative methods of coloring keratinous fibers, for example, meta-aminophenols, meta-phenylenediamines and meta-diphenols, naphthols, mono- or polyhydroxylated naphthalene derivatives, and heterocyclic couplers such as, for example, indole derivatives, indoline derivatives, sesamol and its derivatives, pyridine derivatives, pyrazolotriazole derivatives, pyrazolones, indazoles, benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles, benzoxazoles, 1,3-benzodioxoles, quinolines, benzomorpholine derivatives, pyrazoloazole derivatives, pyrroloazole derivatives, imidazoloazole derivatives, pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives, pyrazoline-3,5-dione derivatives, pyrrolo[3,2-d]oxazole derivatives, pyrazolo[3,4-d]thiazole derivatives, thiazoloazole S-oxide derivatives, thiazoloazole S,S-dioxide derivatives, and the acid addition salts thereof.

Suitable color couplers include, for example, those having the general formula (D):

wherein R₁ is unsubstituted hydroxy or amino, or hydroxy or amino substituted with one or more C₂₋₆ hydroxyalkyl groups, R₃ and R₅ are each independently hydrogen, hydroxy, amino, or amino substituted with C₂₋₆ alkyl, C₂₋₆ alkoxy, or C₂₋₆ hydroxyalkyl group; and R₂, R₄, and R₆ are each independently hydrogen, C₂₋₆ alkoxy, C₂₋₆ hydroxyalkyl, or C₂₋₆ alkyl, or R₃ and R₄ together may form a methylenedioxy or ethylenedioxy group. Examples of such compounds include meta-derivatives such as phenols, meta-aminophenols, meta-phenylenediamines, and the like, which may be unsubstituted, or substituted on the amino group or benzene ring with alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkylamino groups, and the like. Suitable couplers include m-aminophenol, 2,4-diaminotoluene, 4-amino, 2-hydroxytoluene, phenyl methyl pyrazolone, 3,4-methylenedioxyphenol, 3,4-methylenedioxy-1-[(β-hydroxyethyl)amino]benzene, 1-methoxy-2-amino-4-[(β-hydroxyethyl)amino]benzene, 1-hydroxy-3-(dimethylamino)benzene, 6-methyl-1-hydroxy-3[(β-hydroxyethyl)amino]benzene, 2,4-dichloro-1-hydroxy-3-aminobenzene, 1-hydroxy-3-(diethylamino)benzene, 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-aminobenzene, 2-chloro-6-methyl-1-hydroxy-3-aminobenzene, 1,3-diaminobenzene, 6-methoxy-1,3-diaminobenzene, 6-hydroxyethoxy-1,3-diaminobenzene, 6-methoxy-5-ethyl-1,3-diaminobenzene, 6-ethoxy-1,3-diaminobenzene, 1-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-3-aminobenzene, 2-methyl-1,3-diaminobenzene, 6-methoxy-1-amino-3-[(β-hydroxyethyl)amino]-benzene, 6-(β-aminoethoxy)-1,3-diaminobenzene, 6-(R-hydroxyethoxy)-1-amino-3-(methylamino)benzene, 6-carboxymethoxy-1,3-diaminobenzene, 6-ethoxy-1-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-3-aminobenzene, 6-hydroxyethyl-1,3-diaminobenzene, 1-hydroxy-2-isopropyl-5-methylbenzene, 1,3-dihydroxybenzene, 2-chloro-1,3-dihydroxybenzene, 2-methyl-1,3-dihydroxybenzene, 4-chloro-1,3-dihydroxybenzene, 5,6-dichloro-2-methyl-1,3-dihydroxybenzene, 1-hydroxy-3-amino-benzene, 1-hydroxy-3-(carbamoylmethylamino)benzene, 6-hydroxybenzomorpholine, 4-methyl-2,6-dihydroxypyridine, 2,6-dihydroxypyridine, 2,6-diaminopyridine, 6-aminobenzomorpholine, 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, 1-hydroxynaphthalene, 1,7-dihydroxynaphthalene, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, 5-amino-2-methyl phenol, 4-hydroxyindole, 4-hydroxyindoline, 6-hydroxyindole, 6-hydroxyindoline, 2,4-diamionphenoxyethanol, and mixtures thereof.

Other couplers may be chosen, for example, from 2,4-diamino-1-(β-hydroxyethyloxy)benzene, 2-methyl-5-aminophenol, 5-N-(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-2-methylphenol, 3-aminophenol, 1,3-dihydroxybenzene, 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbenzene, 4-chloro-1,3-dihydroxybenzene, 2,4-diamino 1-(β-hydroxyethyloxy)benzene, 2-amino-4-(β-hydroxyethylamino)-1-methoxybenzene, 1,3-diaminobenzene, 1,3-bis(2,4-diaminophenoxy)propane, sesamol, 1-amino-2-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene, α-naphthol, 6-hydroxyindole, 4-hydroxyindole, 4-hydroxy-N-methylindole, 6-hydroxyindoline, 2,6-dihydroxy-4-methylpyridine, 1H-3-methylpyrazol-5-one, 1-phenyl-3-methylpyrazol-5-one, 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine, 3,6-dimethylpyrazolo[3,2-c]-1,2,4-triazole, 2,6-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-b]-1,2,4-triazole, 6-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]-benzimidazole, and the acid addition salts thereof.

In one embodiment, the couplers include resorcinol, 1-naphthol, 2-methylresorcinol, 4-amino-2-hydroxy toluene, m-aminophenol, 2,4-diaminophenoxyethanol, phenyl methylpyrazolone, hydroxybenzomorpholine, 2-methyl-5-hydroxyetyylaminophenol, 6-hydroxyindole, 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine, 5-amino-6-chloro-o-cresol, 4-chlororesorcinol, their salts, and mixtures thereof.

When they are present, couplers may be present in amounts ranging from about 0.0001% to about 12% by weight; or from about 0.1% to about 8% by weight; or from about 1% to about 5% based on the total weight of the color base composition.

In general, the acid addition salts of the oxidation bases and couplers may be chosen from hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulphates, tartrates, lactates, and acetates.

Oxidizing Agent

When oxidative dye precursors are present in the color base compositions, the agent for altering the color of keratin fibers of the present invention requires an oxidizing composition including at least one oxidizing agent which may be chosen, for example, from a peroxide, a persulfate, a perborate, a percarbonate, alkali metal bromates, ferricyanides or a mixture thereof. Oxidizing agents that may also be used include at least one redox enzyme such as laccases, peroxidases, and 2-electron oxidoreductases, such as uricase, where appropriate in the presence of their respective donor or co-factor. Oxygen in the air may also be employed as an oxidizing agent.

In one embodiment, the oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide present in an aqueous solution whose titre may range from 1 to 40 volumes, such as from 5 to 40 volumes or such as from 5 to 20 volumes.

In another embodiment, the oxidizing agent is a persulfate and/or a monopersulfate such as, for example, potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, as well as mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the oxidizing agents in the present disclosure are selected from hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate and mixtures thereof.

In general, the oxidizing agent will be present in an amount of from about 0.05 to about 50% by weight, such as from about 0.1% to about 30% by weight, or such as from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight, or such as from about 1% to about 12% by weight, based on the total weight of the oxidizing composition.

Cosmetically Acceptable Medium

The compositions of the present invention can comprise other compounds constituting the cosmetically acceptable medium. This cosmetically acceptable medium comprises water or a mixture of water and at least one cosmetically acceptable organic solvent.

As examples of organic solvents, non-limiting mentions can be made of alcohols such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, and phenylethyl alcohol, or glycols or glycol ethers such as, for example, monomethyl, monoethyl and monobutyl ethers of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or ethers thereof such as, for example, monomethyl ether of propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, dipropylene glycol as well as alkyl ethers of diethylene glycol, for example monoethyl ether or monobutyl ether of diethylene glycol.

pH

The pH of the color base composition is greater than 7 and may range from about 7.1 to about 14, or such as from about 7.5 to about 11, or such as from about 7.5 to about 10 or such as from about 7.5 to about 9, or such as from about 9 to about 11, and it may be adjusted to the desired value using acidifying or basifying agents that are well known in the art in the dyeing of keratin fibers.

The pH of the agent for altering the color of keratin fibers, i.e., the composition resulting from mixing together the color base composition and the oxidizing composition, may range from about 2 to about 14, such as from about 3 to about 13, or such as from about 4 to about 11.

In certain embodiments, the pH of the agent for altering the color of keratin fibers may be below 7, such as from about 2 to 6.8, or, may be above 7, such as from about 7.1 to about 12, or such as from about 7.1 to about 11, or such as from about 7.5 to about 10.

The color base composition of the present disclosure is preferably in the form of an emulsion, for example, oil-in-water emulsion and water-in-oil emulsion.

In particularly preferred embodiments, the color base composition of the present disclosure is preferably in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion.

The color base and the oxidizing compositions of the present invention may further comprise at least one auxiliary agent. The auxiliary agent may include, but is not limited to thickening agents and rheology modifying polymers other than those described above (such as those commercially available as Carbopol® Aqua SF-1 and Carbopol® Aqua SF-2), cationic polymers, film forming polymers, pigments, dyes, humectants and moisturizing agents, emulsifying agents other than those that fall under the above-described fatty substances, structuring agents, propellants, surfactants, shine agents, and conditioning agents.

Thickening agents and rheology modifying polymers other than the above-described rheology modifying polymers (such as those commercially available as Carbopol® Aqua SF-1 and Carbopol® Aqua SF-2) may further comprise the compositions of the present invention and may be chosen from polymeric thickeners and non-polymeric thickeners as described in US2010154140A, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Thickening agents of the present invention may be chosen from polymeric thickeners and non-polymeric thickeners. The at least one polymeric thickener can be chosen from ionic or non-ionic, associative or non-associative polymers. Exemplary polymeric thickeners include various native gums. Representative non-polymeric thickening agents include mineral salts such as sodium chloride; oxyethylenated molecules and especially ethoxylated alkyl or acyl derivatives of polyols. These polymers can be modified physically or chemically.

The at least one thickening agent of the present invention is preferably used in an amount of from greater than 0% to about 15% by weight, preferably from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, and more preferably from about 1% to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the color base or oxidizing composition of the present invention.

The color base and oxidizing compositions according to the present invention can also comprise at least one cationic polymer.

In at least one embodiment, the at least one cationic polymer included in the compositions of the disclosure is not chosen from cationic associative polymers. In other words, these cationic polymers do not comprise in their structure a pendent or terminal hydrophobic chain, for example of alkyl or alkenyl type, containing from 10 to 30 carbon atoms.

The at least one cationic polymer of the compositions according to the disclosure can be chosen from, for example:

(1) homopolymers and copolymers derived from acrylic or methacrylic esters or amides and comprising at least one unit chosen from units of formulae (VI), (VII), (VIII) and (IX):

wherein:

R₃, which may be identical or different, denotes a hydrogen atom or a CH₃ radical;

A, which may be identical or different, represents a linear or branched C₁-C₆ and, for example, C₂-C₃ alkyl group or a C₁-C₄ hydroxyalkyl group;

R₄, R₅ and R₆, which may be identical or different, represent a C₁-C₁₈ alkyl group or a benzyl radical, such as a C₁-C₆ alkyl group;

R₁ and R₂, which may be identical or different, represent hydrogen or a C₁-C₆ alkyl group, for example methyl or ethyl;

X⁻ denotes an anion derived from a mineral or organic acid, such as a methosulfate anion or a halide such as chloride or bromide.

The polymers of this family can also contain at least one unit derived from at least one comonomer which may be chosen from the family of acrylamides, methacrylamides, diacetone acrylamides, acrylamides and methacrylamides substituted on the nitrogen with lower (C₁-C₄) alkyls, acrylic or methacrylic acids or esters thereof, vinyllactams such as vinylpyrrolidone or vinylcaprolactam, and vinyl esters.

Thus, among the polymers of this family, exemplary mention may be made of:

copolymers of acrylamide and of dimethylaminoethyl acrylate quaternized with dimethyl sulfate or with a dimethyl halide, such as the product sold under the name HERCOFLOC by the company Hercules,

the copolymers of acrylamide and of methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride described, for example, in EP 80 976 and sold under the name BINA QUAT P 100 by the company Ciba Geigy,

the copolymer of acrylamide and of methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium methosulfate sold under the name RETEN by the company Hercules,

quaternized or non-quaternized vinylpyrrolidone/dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate or acrylate copolymers, such as the products sold under the name GAFQUAT by the company ISP, for instance GAFQUAT 734 or GAFQUAT 755, or alternatively the products known as COPOLYMER 845, 958 and 937,

dimethylaminoethyl acrylate/vinylcaprolactam/vinylpyrrolidone terpolymers, such as the product sold under the name GAFFIX VC 713 by the company ISP,

vinylpyrrolidone/methacrylamidopropyldimethylamine copolymers sold, for example, under the name STYLEZE CC 10 by ISP, quaternized vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymers such as the product sold under the name GAFQUAT HS 100 by the company ISP, and crosslinked polymers of methacryloyloxy(C₁-C₄)alkyltri(C₁-C₄)alkylammonium salts such as the polymers obtained by homopolymerization of dimethylaminoethyl acrylate quaternized with methyl chloride, or by copolymerization of acrylamide with dimethylaminoethyl acrylate quaternized with methyl chloride, the homo- or copolymerization being followed by crosslinking with a compound containing olefinic unsaturation, such as methylenebisacrylamide. In at least one embodiment, a crosslinked acrylamide/methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride copolymer (20/80 by weight) in the form of a dispersion containing 50% by weight of the copolymer in mineral oil can be used. This dispersion is sold under the name SALCARE® SC 92 by the company Ciba. In some embodiments, a crosslinked methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride homopolymer containing about 50% by weight of the homopolymer in mineral oil or in a liquid ester can be used. These dispersions are sold under the names SALCARE® SC 95 and SALCARE® SC 96 by the company Ciba.

Other examples are cellulose ether derivatives comprising quaternary ammonium groups, such as the polymers sold under the names JR (JR 400, JR 125, JR 30M) or LR (LR 400, LR 30M) by the company Union Carbide Corporation.

(2) copolymers of cellulose or cellulose derivatives grafted with a water-soluble quaternary ammonium monomer, such as hydroxymethyl-, hydroxyethyl- or hydroxy-propylcelluloses grafted, for instance, with a methacryloylethyltrimethylammonium, methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium or dimethyldiallylammonium salt. These are sold under the name CELQUAT L 200 and CELQUAT H 100 by the company National Starch.

(3) non-cellulose cationic polysaccharides, such as guar gums containing trialkylammonium cationic groups. Such products are sold, for example, under the trade names JAGUAR C13S, JAGUAR C15, JAGUAR C17 and JAGUAR C162 by the company Meyhall.

(4) polymers of piperazinyl units and of divalent alkylene or hydroxyalkylene radicals.

(5) water-soluble polyamino amides prepared, for example, by polycondensation of an acidic compound with a polyamine; these polyamino amides can be crosslinked with an epihalohydrin, a diepoxide, a dianhydride, an unsaturated dianhydride, a bis-unsaturated derivative, a bis-halohydrin, a bis-azetidinium, a bis-haloacyldiamine, a bis-alkyl halide or alternatively with an oligomer resulting from the reaction of a difunctional compound which is reactive with a bis-halohydrin, a bis-azetidinium, a bis-haloacyldiamine, a bis-alkyl halide, an epihalohydrin, a diepoxide or a bis-unsaturated derivative; the crosslinking agent being used in an amount ranging from 0.025 to 0.35 mol per amine group of the polyamino amide; these polyamino amides can be alkylated or, if they contain at least one tertiary amine function, they can be quaternized. Exemplary mention may be made of the adipic acid/dimethylaminohydroxypropyl/diethylenetriamine polymers sold under the name CARTARETINE F, F4 or F8 by the company Sandoz.

(6) the polymers obtained by reaction of at least one polyalkylene polyamine containing two primary amine groups and at least one secondary amine group with a dicarboxylic acid chosen from diglycolic acid and saturated C₃-C₈ aliphatic dicarboxylic acids. The molar ratio between the polyalkylene polyamine and the dicarboxylic acid ranges from 0.8:1 to 1.4:1; the polyamino amide resulting therefrom is reacted with epichlorohydrin in a molar ratio of epichlorohydrin relative to the secondary amine group of the polyamino amide ranging from 0.5:1 to 1.8:1. Polymers of this type are sold, for example, under the name HERCOSETT 57, PD 170 or DELSETTE 101 by the company Hercules.

(7) cyclopolymers of alkyldiallylamine and of dialkyldiallylammonium, such as the homopolymers or copolymers containing, as main constituent of the chain, at least one unit corresponding to formula (X) or (XI):

wherein formulae k and t are equal to 0 or 1, the sum k+t being equal to 1; R₉ denotes a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical; R₇ and R₈, independently of each other, denote a C₁-C₈ alkyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group in which the alkyl group is C₁-C₅, an amidoalkyl group in which the alkyl is C₁-C₄; or R₇ and R₈ denote, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, a heterocyclic group such as piperidyl or morpholinyl; in at least one embodiment R₇ and R₈, independently of each other, denote a C₁-C₄ alkyl group; Y⁻ is an organic or mineral anion such as bromide, chloride, acetate, borate, citrate, tartrate, bisulfate, bisulfite, sulfate or phosphate.

Among the polymers defined above, exemplary mention may be made of the dimethyldiallylammonium chloride homopolymer sold under the name MERQUAT® 100 and MERQUAT® 280 by the company Nalco (and its homologues of low weight-average molecular mass) and the copolymers of diallyldimethylammonium chloride and of acrylamide, sold under the name MERQUAT® 550.

(8) quaternary diammonium polymers containing repeating units of formula (XII):

wherein:

R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂ and R₁₃, which may be identical or different, represent C₁-C₆ aliphatic, alicyclic or arylaliphatic radicals or hydroxyalkylaliphatic radicals wherein the alkyl radical is C₁-C₄, or alternatively R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂ and R₁₃, together or separately, constitute, with the nitrogen atoms to which they are attached, heterocycles optionally containing a second heteroatom other than nitrogen, or alternatively R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂ and R₁₃ represent a linear or branched C₁-C₆ alkyl radical substituted with a nitrile, ester, acyl or amide group or a group —CO—O—R₁₄-D or —CO—NH—R₁₄-D wherein R₁₄ is an alkylene and D is a quaternary ammonium group;

A₁ and B₁ represent C₂-C₆ polymethylene groups which are linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, and which optionally contain, linked to or intercalated in the main chain, at least one aromatic ring or at least one atom chosen from oxygen and sulfur atom or at least one group chosen from sulfoxide, sulfone, disulfide, amino, alkylamino, hydroxyl, quaternary ammonium, ureido, amide and ester groups, and

X⁻ denotes an anion derived from a mineral or organic acid;

A₁, R₁₀ and R₁₂ can form, with the two nitrogen atoms to which they are attached, a piperazine ring;

and wherein, if A₁ denotes a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkylene or hydroxyalkylene radical, B₁ can also denote a group —(CH₂)_(n)—CO-D—OC—(CH₂)_(n)—wherein n is a number ranging from 1 to 6, and D is chosen from:

a) a glycol residue of formula: —O—Z—O—, where Z denotes a linear or branched hydrocarbon-based radical or a group corresponding to one of the following formulae: —(CH₂—CH₂—O)_(x)—CH₂—CH₂—; or —[CH₂—CH(CH₃)—O]_(y)—CH₂—CH(CH₃)—, where x and y denote an integer ranging from 1 to 4, representing a defined and unique degree of polymerization or any number ranging from 1 to 4 representing an average degree of polymerization;

b) a bis-secondary diamine residue such as a piperazine derivative;

c) a bis-primary diamine residue of formula: —NH—Y—NH—, wherein Y denotes a linear or branched hydrocarbon-based radical, or alternatively the radical —CH₂—CH₂—S—S—CH₂—CH₂—; and

d) a ureylene group of formula: —NH—CO—NH—.

In at least one embodiment, X⁻ is an anion such as chloride or bromide.

These polymers, for example, have a number-average molecular mass ranging from 1000 to 100,000.

In some embodiments, polymers are used that consist of repeating units corresponding to formula (XIII):

wherein R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂ and R₁₃, which may be identical or different, denote a C₁-C₄ alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical, n and p are integers ranging from 2 to 6, and X⁻ is an anion derived from a mineral or organic acid.

In at least one embodiment, the at least one cationic polymer corresponding to this family comprise repeating units of formulae (W) and (U):

for example those whose molecular weight, determined by gel permeation chromatography, ranges from 9,500 to 9,900;

for instance those whose molecular weight, determined by gel permeation chromatography, is 1200.

(9) polyquaternary ammonium polymers consisting of repeating units of formula (XIV):

wherein p denotes an integer ranging from 1 to 6, D may be zero or may represent a group —(CH₂)_(r)—CO— wherein r denotes a number ranging from 1 to 6, and X⁻ is an anion.

Such polymers may be prepared according to the processes described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,157,388, 4,702,906 and 4,719,282. They are described, for example, in patent application EP 122 324.

Among these polymers, examples that may be mentioned include the products MIRAPOL A 15, MIRAPOL AD1, MIRAPOL AZ1 and MIRAPOL 175 sold by the company Miranol.

(10) quaternary polymers of vinylpyrrolidone and of vinylimidazole, for instance the products sold under the names LUVIQUAT FC 905, FC 550 and FC 370 by the company BASF.

(11) vinylamide homopolymers or copolymers, such as partially hydrolysed vinylamide homopolymers such as poly(vinylamine/vinylamide)s.

(12) cationic polyurethane derivatives, for example those of elastic nature formed from the reaction:

(a1) of at least one cationic unit resulting from at least one tertiary or quaternary amine bearing at least two reactive functions containing labile hydrogen,

(a2) of at least one mixture of at least two different nonionic units bearing at least two reactive functions containing labile hydrogen, for instance chosen from hydroxyl groups, primary or secondary amine groups, and thiol groups, and

(b) of at least one compound comprising at least two isocyanate functions.

(13) Other cationic polymers that may be used in the context of the disclosure include, for example, cationic proteins or cationic protein hydrolysates, polyalkyleneimines, such as polyethyleneimines, polymers containing vinylpyridine or vinylpyridinium units, and chitin derivatives.

Particularly useful cationic polymers in the present invention include, but are not limited to, polyquaternium 4, polyquaternium 6, polyquaternium 7, polyquaternium 10, polyquaternium 11, polyquaternium 16, polyquaternium 22, polyquaternium 28, polyquaternium 32, polyquaternium-46, polyquaternium-51, polyquaternium-52, polyquaternium-53, polyquaternium-54, polyquaternium-55, polyquaternium-56, polyquaternium-57, polyquaternium-58, polyquaternium-59, polyquaternium-60, polyquaternium-63, polyquaternium-64, polyquaternium-65, polyquaternium-66, polyquaternium-67, polyquaternium-70, polyquaternium-73, polyquaternium-74, polyquaternium-75, polyquaternium-76, polyquaternium-77, polyquaternium-78, polyquaternium-79, polyquaternium-80, polyquaternium-81, polyquaternium-82, polyquaternium-84, polyquaternium-85, polyquaternium-86, polyquaternium-87, polyquaternium-90, polyquaternium-91, polyquaternium-92, polyquaternium-94, and guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride.

Particularly preferred cationic polymers of the present invention include POLYMER JR-125, POLYMER JR-400, Polymer JR-30M hydroxyethyl cellulosic polymers (polyquaternium 10) available from AMERCHOL; JAGUAR C® 13-S, guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, available from Rhodia; and MERQUAT® 100 and 280, a dimethyl dialkyl ammonium chloride (polyquaternium 6) available from Nalco.

The cationic polymer is generally present in an amount of from greater than 0% to about 15%, preferably from about 0.5 to about 10% by weight, and more preferably from about 1 to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the color base or oxidizing composition.

The color base and oxidizing compositions of the present invention according to the disclosure can also comprise at least one additive used conventionally in compositions for application onto hair.

“Additive” means a substance that is added, different from the compounds already mentioned.

As examples of additives that can be used, non-limiting mentions can be made of antioxidants or reducing agents, penetrating agents, sequestering agents, perfumes, buffers, dispersants, ceramides, sunscreen agents, preservatives, opacifiers, and antistatic agents.

The oxidizing composition comprising at least one oxidizing agent can further comprise at least one fatty substance chosen from the above-described fatty substance, including the at least one fatty substance having a viscosity greater than about 50 mm²/s at 40° C. Thus, in some embodiments, the total amount of fatty substances in the oxidizing composition may range from about 1% to about 20% by weight, or such as from about 5% to about 20% by weight, or such as from about 10% to about 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the oxidizing composition.

According to preferred embodiments of the invention, when the color base composition is mixed with the oxidizing composition, the total amount of fatty substances is at least about 1.25% by weight and may range up to less than about 50% by weight, or up to about 40% by weight, or up to about 30% by weight, or up to about 20% by weight, or up to about 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the agent for altering the color of keratin fibers formed from the combination of the color base and oxidizing compositions of the present invention.

The color base composition of the present disclosure is in the form of a water-in-oil cream emulsion.

The color base and oxidizing compositions according to the disclosure can be in various forms, such as in the form of creams or gel-creams.

In preferred embodiments, the process of making the color base composition, involves a cold process which does not require the use of heat while the ingredients are mixed and does not require the use of an emulsifier blade.

In other preferred embodiments, the color base composition does not require the presence of a fatty alcohol in order to form an emulsion. When the color base composition does not contain a fatty alcohol, the color base composition may be prepared in the absence of heat using mixing speeds at shearing rates that are lower than the shearing rates used to prepare conventional/commercial hair color that are typically provided in the form of emulsions.

According to the present disclosure, the process of making the color base composition involves the general procedure of:

mixing the acrylates copolymer of the present invention (e.g. Carbopol® Aqua SF-1 or Carbopol® Aqua SF-2) with water using a mixer,

adding an amount of a neutralizing agent, such as ethanolamine, to the mixture, in order to neutralize the acrylates polymer (indicated by the formation of a clear solution),

adding a high viscosity fatty substance (mineral oil having a viscosity greater than about 50 mm²/s at 40° C.) while mixing with a chopper blade, wherein the speed of mixing can be increased to ensure proper mixing)

optionally, adding more of the high viscosity fatty substance if an emulsion is desired,

adding a short alkyl chain hydroxyl compound (e.g. ethanol),

and adding a pH adjusting agent to obtain the desired pH, if necessary.

The acrylates copolymer may also be pre-neutralized before it is combined with the other ingredients according to the process above.

The above-described process reduces the amount of time needed to prepare a conventional/commercial hair color base composition.

The method of the present disclosure is a method comprising applying the agent for altering the color of keratin fibers according to the present disclosure onto the keratin fibers. When an oxidizing composition is required, the agent for altering the color of the fibers is formed from combining the color base and oxidizing compositions of the present disclosure wherein the color is developed at an alkaline or neutral to acidic pH and the oxidizing composition can be added at the moment of use or it can be used simultaneously with or sequentially to the color base composition.

Upon application and after a resting time on the keratin fibers, for example, ranging from about 1 to 60 minutes, such as from about 5 to 45 minutes, the keratin fibers are rinsed, optionally washed with shampoo and rinsed again, then dried.

The agent for altering the color of keratin fibers according to the disclosure can result from mixing at least the color base and oxidizing compositions of the present invention, including an oxidizing composition comprising at least one oxidizing agent as defined previously.

The oxidizing composition may be in the form of a powder, gel, liquid, foam, lotion, cream, mousse, and emulsion.

In one embodiment, the oxidizing composition is substantially anhydrous.

The term “substantially anhydrous” means that the oxidizing composition is either completely free of water or contains no appreciable amount of water, for example, no more than 5% by weight, or no more than 2% by weight, or no more than 1% by weight, based on the weight of the oxidizing composition. It should be noted that this refers for example to bound water, such as the water of crystallization of the salts or traces of water absorbed by the raw materials used in the preparation of the compositions according to the disclosure.

The oxidizing composition can contain at least one solvent, chosen from water, organic solvents, and mixtures thereof.

When the oxidizing composition is substantially anhydrous, the oxidizing composition may comprise at least one solvent chosen from organic solvents.

Suitable organic solvents for use in the oxidizing composition include ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, phenyl ethyl alcohol, glycols and glycol ethers, such as propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl, monoethyl or monobutyl ether, propylene glycol and its ethers, such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether, butylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol alkyl ethers, such as diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and monobutyl ether, hydrocarbons such as straight chain hydrocarbons, mineral oil, polybutene, hydrogenated polyisobutene, hydrogenated polydecene, polydecene, squalane, petrolatum, isoparaffins, and mixtures, thereof.

The at least one solvent may, for example, be present in an amount ranging from about 0.5% to about 70% by weight, such as from about 2% to about 60% by weight, preferably from about 5 to about 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of the oxidizing composition.

The pH of the oxidizing composition can range from about 2 to about 12, such as from about 6 to about 11, and it may be adjusted to the desired value using acidifying/alkalizing agents that are well known in the art.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the agent for altering the color of keratin fibers is a composition comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium, at least one fatty substance having a viscosity greater than about 50 mm²/s at 40° C., optionally, at least one additional fatty substance, at least one rheology modifying polymer chosen from: (i) a slightly cross-linked, alkali-swellable acrylate polymer contained in an aqueous dispersion comprising about 30% by weight of total solids and (ii) a cross-linked anionic acrylate polymer contained in an aqueous dispersion comprising about 32% by weight of total solids, at least one alkalizing agent, at least one short chain hydroxyl compound chosen from monoalcohols and polyols; at least one direct dye; optionally, at least one oxidative dye precursor; at optionally, least one oxidizing agent, and wherein the pH of the agent for altering the color of keratin fibers is from between about 2 to about 14.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the agent for altering the color of keratin fibers can comprise two compositions, a color base composition, containing, in a cosmetically acceptable medium, at least one fatty substance having a viscosity greater than about 50 m^(m2)/s at 40° C., optionally, at least one additional fatty substance, at least one rheology modifying polymer as defined previously, at least one alkalizing agent; and at least one short chain hydroxyl compound chosen from monoalcohols and polyols; at least one direct dye; optionally, at least one oxidative dye precursor; and a second unit of an oxidizing composition containing, in a cosmetically acceptable medium, at least one oxidizing agent, and wherein the agent for altering the color of keratin is from between about 2 to about 14.

According to yet another embodiment of the invention, the agent for altering the color of keratin fibers can result from mixing two units, including a first unit of a color base composition, containing, in a cosmetically acceptable medium, at least one fatty substance having a viscosity greater than about 50 mm²/s at 40° C., optionally, at least one additional fatty substance, at least one rheology modifying polymer as defined previously, at least one alkalizing agent; and at least one short chain hydroxyl compound chosen from monoalcohols and polyols; and a second unit of an oxidizing composition containing, in a cosmetically acceptable medium, at least one oxidizing agent, and wherein the agent for altering the color of keratin fibers is greater than about 7.

It has been surprisingly discovered that the combination of the fatty substance having a viscosity greater than about 50 mm²/s at 40° C., and the rheology modifying polymer as defined previously results in a stable water-in-oil liquid emulsion composition which, when used alone or when combined with the oxidizing composition, provides a ready-to-use hair color with a non-drip consistency that is still easy to spread on keratin fibers, such as hair.

It has also been discovered that the application of the agent for altering the color of keratin fibers onto the fibers results in satisfactory coloring of the fibers while utilizing lower amounts of the oxidizing agent compared to conventional oxidative dyeing compositions.

According to another embodiment of the invention, a kit for coloring keratin fibers is provided, comprising a first unit containing the above described color base composition and a second unit comprising the above described oxidizing composition when oxidative dye precursors are used in the color base composition.

According to another embodiment of the invention, a kit for coloring keratin fibers is provided, comprising a first unit containing the above described color base composition and a second unit comprising the above described color base composition.

The coloring obtained using the compositions and method of the present disclosure may also be durable or wash/fade resistant.

Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the disclosure are approximations, unless otherwise indicated the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contains certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements.

The examples that follow serve to illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure without, however, being limiting in nature.

EXAMPLES Example 1 Formulation Examples

The following comparative direct dye compositions and liquid emulsion color base compositions were prepared:

Comparative Inventive Modified dye color inventive INGREDIENTS composition* base** color base*** (INCI NAMES) Formula A Formula B Formula C ETHANOLAMINE — 4 4 Acrylates Copolymer — 2.55 2.55 (Carbopol ® Aqua SF-1) MINERAL OIL (high — 50 50 viscosity)^(a) ALCOHOL DENAT. — 10 10 HC RED NO. 3 0.6 0.6 0.3 HC YELLOW NO. 9 0.2 0.2 0.1 4-AMINO-3-NITROPHENOL 0.4 0.4 0.2 3-NITRO-P-HYDROXY- 0.3 0.3 0.15 ETHYLAMINOPHENOL FATTY ACID, NONIONIC 5.8 — — SURFACTANTS, ALKOXYLATED AMIDE GLYCOLS/POLYHYDROXY 6.5 — — COMPOUNDS SODIUM METABISULFITE 0.5 0.5 AMINOMETHYL 0.6 — — PROPANOL ERYTHORBIC ACID 0.3 0.3 HYDROXYETHYL- 1.2 — — CELLULOSE WATER q.s. 100 q.s. 100 q.s. 100 *Comparative Dye Composition **Inventive color base - contains approximately the same total amount of dyes as the comparative dye composition ***Modified inventive color base - total amount of dyes is less than that of the comparative dye composition ^(a)viscosity from about 63 to about 70 mm²/s at 40° C.; commercially available from the supplier Sonneborn under the tradename Kaydol ® available from the supplier Sonneborn under the tradename Kaydol ® Heavy White Mineral Oil or from the supplier Exxonmobil Chemical under the tradename Primol ™ 352

The cream emulsion formula above was prepared as follow (1000 grams in total):

Acrylates Copolymer (commercially available as Carbopol® Aqua SF-1) was added to water and the resulting solution was mixed using a VMI Rayneri mixer equipped with a chopper blade. 10 g of Ethanolamine was added to neutralize the acrylates copolymer. The solution became a clear thick gel upon complete neutralization. The speed of mixing was increased to at least about 600 rpm. The solution became thicker & turned into a white paste. 80 g of mineral oil was added to the solution to create an emulsion and the speed of mixing was increased to at least about 1000 RPM. One half of the remainder of the oil (remainder of 420 grams), was then added to the emulsion and mixing was continued for about 10 minutes. The speed of mixing was increased to at least about 1200 RPM to ensure proper mixing. One half of the total concentration of alcohol denatured (ethanol) required was added to adjust or decrease the viscosity of the emulsion. The remainder of the mineral oil was then added and mixing was continued for a few minutes. If an additional fatty substance other than the fatty substance having a viscosity of greater than about 50 mm²/s at 40° C. is employed, it can also be added at this stage, together with other additives that may be desired. The remainder of the alcohol denatured was also added. The anti-oxidants, sodium metabisulfite and erythorbic acid, were added to the emulsion. The speed of mixing was decreased. The remainder of the ethanolamine was added to the emulsion to adjust the pH. An acidifying or basifying agent was added to the emulsion to further adjust the pH, if necessary.

It was found that even when high levels of mineral oil are incorporated into the formulas above, the formulas remained stable and in cream emulsion form.

When oxidative dyes are employed in the color base composition, an oxidizing composition is required. The following is a formulation example of the oxidizing composition:

Phases Ingredients (INCI Name) % by weight A CETEARYL ALCOHOL 6 A STEARETH-20 5 A MINERAL OIL (Low viscosity)* 20 A PEG-4 RAPESEEDAMIDE 1.2 A BHT 0.0012 A TOCOPHEROL 0.1 B WATER 59.2 B GLYCERIN 0.5 B PENTASODIUM PENTETATE 0.06 B POLYQUATERNIUM-6 0.2 B HEXADIMETHRINE CHLORIDE 0.15 C TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE 0.03 C SODIUM STANNATE 0.04 D PHOSPHORIC ACID To adjust the pH D HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 7.5 Total 100 *viscosity at about 30 mm²/s at 40° C.

The oxidizing composition above was prepared as follows:

Cetearyl Alcohol, Steareth-20, Mineral Oil, PEG-4 Rapeseedamide, and Tocopherol were added to a main beaker and heated to 80° C. (Phase A). Water was heated to 80° C. and added to phase A to form a solution. The solution was homogenized for 10 minutes at 2500 RPM. Glycerin, Pentasodium Pentetate, Polyquaterium-6, Hexadimethrine Chloride were then added to the solution and mixed for 10 minutes. Phase A was then cooled to 25° C. Hydrogen Peroxide was added to the solution and homogenized for 5 minutes. The homogenizer blade was removed and replaced with a chopper blade. Phosphoric Acid was added to adjust the pH to 2.0-2.40.

Example 2 Hair Coloration Studies; Colorimetric Measurements

If oxidative dyes are not employed, the color base composition serves as the agent for altering the color of hair (or ready-to-use composition) and is applied directly onto hair.

If oxidative dyes are employed, the agent for altering the color of hair was prepared by mixing the color base composition, and an oxidizing composition and was used to color hair at the time of use in the following manner:

-   -   10 g of the dye base composition A was mixed with 10 g of the         oxidizing composition B;     -   the resulting mixture resulting was applied onto hair swatches;     -   the hair swatches were then washed with shampoo, rinsed and then         dried.

If desired, the color base composition can be mixed with the oxidizing composition in a 1:1 ratio, or a 1:2 ratio or a 1:3 ratio.

Each of the color base formulas in Example 1 above was mixed with an oxidizing composition to form the agent for altering the color of hair (swatches). After dyeing the hair, the color of the swatches was measured with a Minolta CM2600d spectrocolorimeter (specular components included, 10 degrees angle, illuminant D65) in the CIEL*a*b* system. In this system, L* represents the intensity of the color, a* indicates the green/red color axis and b* the blue/yellow color axis.

According to this system, the greater the value of L, the lighter or less intense the color. Conversely, the lower the value of L, the darker or more intense the color.

DELTA E represents the change in color between a control hair swatch (undyed/untreated) and a treated (or dyed) hair swatch, and is determined from the change in L* values, a* values and b* values.

The colorimetric results obtained are given in the table below.

90% gray CIE76 HAIR DYE TYPE^(a) Shade Formula hair type L* DE Virgin - Unpermed — — — 59.96 4.00 Std. Comparative dye Red Formula A Unpermed 32.14 3.72 composition Inventive color base Red Formula B Unpermed 24.78 9.18 Modified inventive Red Formula C Unpermed 25.21 25.21 color base Virgin - Permed — — — 57.77 1.7 Std. Comparative dye Red Formula A Permed 28.46 1.02 composition Inventive color base Red Formula B Permed 20.21 14.01 Modified inventive Red Formula C Permed 21.22 11.33 color base ^(a)formula plus oxidizing composition L* represents lightness or intensity of color; the higher the L value, the lighter the color of the hair. Delta-E (DE) represents the difference between two colors. If DE is less than 1.0 there is hardly any color difference that the human eye can perceive. If DE is greater than 1.0 there is a noticeable color difference by eye. L* represents lightness or intensity of color; the higher the L value, the lighter the color of the hair. Delta-E (DE) represents the difference between two colors. If DE is less than 1.0 there is hardly any color difference that the human eye can perceive. If DE is greater than 1.0 there is a noticeable color difference by eye.

The results above show that the hair treated with the inventive dyeing compositions were significantly darker than the hair treated with the comparative formula which means that the inventive compositions deposited a more intense red color compared to the comparative dye composition. Moreover, the inventive color base formulas which had at least a 50% reduction in the amount of dye compounds compared to the comparative dye composition still yielded a greater color deposit (smaller L value) than the comparative dye composition, indicating that the amount of dyes can still be further reduced in the inventive compositions allowing for greater cost reduction and less stability/suspension problems with the dye compounds. The same results were observed for both unpermed and permed hair.

Example 3 Suspension/Stability Studies

The color base formulas of the present invention were tested for stability using yield stress measurements (elastic function, G′ (Pa)) over increasing temperature from 20° C. to 60° C. (temperature sweep of 1 degree C. per minute, at 0.1% deformation). Stability of the dye compositions is also related to the ability of the compositions to suspend the dye molecules without becoming unstable over increasing temperatures or over time.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the delivery system, composition and methods of the invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided that they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An agent for altering the color of keratin fibers comprising: (A) a color base composition, containing, in a cosmetically acceptable medium: (a) from about 50% to about 80% by weight of a fatty substance comprising: (i) at least 5% by weight of at least one fatty substance having a viscosity greater than about 50 mm²/s/at 40° C.; and (ii) from 0% to about 75% by weight of at least one additional fatty substance other than (A)(a); all weights being based on the total weight of (A); (b) at least one rheology modifying polymer chosen from: (i) a slightly cross-linked, alkali-swellable acrylate polymer contained in an aqueous dispersion comprising about 30% by weight of total solids; and (ii) a cross-linked anionic acrylate polymer contained in an aqueous dispersion comprising about 32% by weight of total solids; and (c) at least one alkalizing agent; (d) at least one short alkyl chain hydroxy compound chosen from monoalcohols and polyols; (e) at least one direct dye; (f) optionally, at least one oxidative dye precursor; and (B) optionally, an oxidizing composition comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium, at least one oxidizing agent.
 2. The agent according to claim 1, wherein (A)(a)(i) has a viscosity ranging from between greater than about 50 to about 100 mm²/s at 40° C.
 3. The agent according to claim 1, wherein (A)(a)(i) comprises mineral oil having a viscosity ranging from about 63 to about 70 mm²/s/at 40° C.
 4. The agent according to claim 1, wherein (A)(a)(i) is present in an amount of from about 50% to about 70% by weight, based on the total weight of (A).
 5. The agent according to claim 1, wherein (A)(a)(i) is present in an amount of from about 50% to about 60% by weight, based on the total weight of (A).
 6. The agent according to claim 1, wherein (A)(a)(ii) is chosen from C₆-C₁₆ lower alkanes, non-silicone oils of mineral, plant, animal and synthetic origin, fatty alcohols, fatty acid esters, fatty alcohol esters, fatty acids, non-silicone waxes and silicones.
 7. The agent according to claim 1, wherein (A)(b) comprises acrylates copolymer.
 8. The agent according to claim 1, wherein (A)(b) comprises acrylates crosspolymer-4.
 9. The agent according to claim 1, wherein (A)(b) is present in an amount of from about 0.3% to about 3% by weight, based on the total weight of (A).
 10. The agent according to claim 1, wherein (A)(b) is present in an amount of from about 0.45% to about 2.75% by weight, based on the total weight of (A).
 11. The agent according to claim 1, wherein (A)(b) is present in an amount of from about 0.5% to about 2% by weight, based on the total weight of (A).
 12. The agent according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of (a) to (b) in (A) ranges from about 25:1 to about 3:1.
 13. The agent according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of (a) to (b) in (A) ranges from about 15:1 to about 10:1.
 14. The agent according to claim 1, wherein (A)(c) is chosen from alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal phosphate, organic amines, hydroxide base compounds, and derivatives thereof.
 15. The agent according to claim 1, wherein (A)(c) is chosen from ethanolamine, triethanoloamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, and mixtures thereof.
 16. The agent according to claim 1, wherein (A) (c) is present in an amount of from 0.01% to about 30% by weight, based on the total weight of (A).
 17. The agent according to claim 1, wherein (A) (c) is present in an amount of from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of (A).
 18. The agent according to claim 1, wherein (A) (d) is chosen from ethanol, propanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, propane diol, and mixtures thereof.
 19. The agent according to claim 1, wherein (A)(d) is present in an amount of from about 0.5% to about 15% by weight, based on the total weight of (A).
 20. The agent according to claim 1, wherein (A)(d) is present in an amount of from about 5% to about 10% by weight, based on the total weight of (A).
 21. The agent according to claim 1, wherein (A)(e) is chosen from neutral, acidic, or cationic nitrobenzene dyes; neutral, acidic, or cationic azo direct dyes; neutral, acidic, or cationic quinone and anthraquinone direct dyes; azine direct dyes; triarylmethane direct dyes; indoamine direct dyes; and natural direct dyes.
 22. The agent according to claim 1, wherein (A)(e) is present in an amount of from about 0.001% to about 20% by weight, based on the total weight of (A).
 23. The agent according to claim 1, wherein (A)(f) is chosen from oxidation bases and couplers, and mixtures thereof.
 24. The agent according to claim 1, wherein (A)(f) is chosen from ortho- and para-phenylenediamine oxidation bases, double bases, ortho- and para-aminophenols, heterocyclic bases, as well as salts of addition of these compounds with an acid and meta-aminophenol, meta-phenylenediamine, meta-diphenol, naphthol couplers, heterocyclic couplers and acid salts thereof.
 25. The agent according to claim 1, wherein the pH of (A) ranges from about 7.5 to about
 14. 26. The agent according to claim 1, wherein the pH of (A) ranges from about 9 to about
 11. 27. The agent according to claim 1, wherein the at least one oxidizing agent is chosen from hydrogen peroxide, urea peroxide, alkali metal bromates, ferricyanides, peroxygenated salts, perborates, percarbonates, laccases, peroxidases, redox enzymes, and mixtures thereof.
 28. The agent according to claim 1, wherein the at least one oxidizing agent is present in an amount of from about 0.05% to about 50% by weight, based on the total weight of (B).
 29. The agent according to claim 1, wherein the at least one oxidizing agent is present in an amount of from about 1% to about 12% by weight, based on the total weight of (B).
 30. The agent according to claim 1, wherein the pH of the agent ranges from about 1 to about
 7. 31. The agent according to claim 1, wherein the pH of the agent ranges from about 7.1 to about
 14. 32. The agent according to claim 1, wherein (A) further comprises at least one neutralizing agent chosen from ethylamines, ethyleneamines, alkanolamines, cyclic amines and other cyclic compounds, saturated or unsaturated, having one or more nitrogen atoms within the ring.
 33. The agent according to claim 1, wherein (A) and/or (B) further comprises at least one auxiliary agent chosen from thickening agents and rheology modifying polymers other than (A)(b), cationic polymers, film forming polymers, pigments, dyes, humectants and moisturizing agents, emulsifying agents other than those that fall under the above-described fatty substances, structuring agents, propellants, surfactants, shine agents, and conditioning agents.
 34. The agent according to claim 1, wherein (B) further comprises at least one fatty substance chosen from a fatty substance having a viscosity greater than about 50 mm²/s at 40° C., an additional fatty substance other than the fatty substance having a viscosity greater than about 50 mm²/s at 40° C., and mixtures thereof.
 35. The agent according to claim 1, wherein the agent for altering the color of keratin fibers is substantially free of ammonia.
 36. The agent according to claim 1, wherein the agent is a hair coloring ready-to-use composition.
 37. A process for coloring keratin fibers, comprising: (A) applying onto keratin fibers, an agent for altering the color of keratin fibers comprising a color base composition, containing, in a cosmetically acceptable medium: (a) from about 50% to about 80% by weight of a fatty substance comprising: (i) at least 5% by weight of at least one fatty substance having a viscosity greater than about 50 mm²/s/at 40° C.; and (ii) from 0% to about 75% by weight of at least one additional fatty substance other than (A)(a)(i); all weights being based on the total weight of (A); (b) at least one rheology modifying polymer chosen from: (i) a slightly cross-linked, alkali-swellable acrylate polymer contained in an aqueous dispersion comprising about 30% by weight of total solids; and (ii) a cross-linked anionic acrylate polymer contained in an aqueous dispersion comprising about 32% by weight of total solid; and (c) at least one alkalizing agent; (d) at least one short alkyl chain hydroxy compound chosen from monoalcohols and polyols; (e) at least one direct dye; and (B) leaving the agent on the keratin fibers for a period of time sufficient to achieve a desired change in the color of the fibers.
 38. The process of claim 37, wherein the color base composition further comprises at least one oxidative dye precursor chosen from oxidation bases and couplers, and mixtures thereof.
 39. The process of claim 38, wherein the agent for altering the color of keratin fibers further comprises an oxidizing composition comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium, at least one oxidizing agent.
 40. The process of claim 39, wherein the agent for altering the color of keratin fibers is formed by mixing the color base composition and the oxidizing composition.
 41. A kit comprising a unit containing a color base composition, containing, in a cosmetically acceptable medium: (a) from about 50% to about 80% by weight of a fatty substance comprising: (i) at least 5% by weight of at least one fatty substance having a viscosity greater than about 50 mm²/s at 40° C.; and (ii) from 0% to about 75% by weight of at least one additional fatty substance other than (a)(i); all weights being based on the total weight of (A); (b) at least one rheology modifying polymer chosen from: (i) a slightly cross-linked, alkali-swellable acrylate polymer contained in an aqueous dispersion comprising about 30% by weight of total solids; and (ii) a cross-linked anionic acrylate polymer contained in an aqueous dispersion comprising about 32% by weight of total solid; and (c) at least one alkalizing agent; (d) at least one short alkyl chain hydroxy compound chosen from monoalcohols and polyols; (e) at least one direct dye.
 42. The kit of claim 41, wherein the color base composition further comprises at least one oxidative dye precursor chosen from oxidation bases and couplers, and mixtures thereof.
 43. The kit of claim 42, further comprising an additional unit containing an oxidizing composition comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium, at least one oxidizing agent.
 44. An agent for altering the color of keratin fibers comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium: (a) from about 10% to less than about 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the agent, of at least one fatty substance having a viscosity greater than about 50 mm²/s at 40° C.; (b) from about 0.3% to about 3% by weight, based on the total weight of the agent, of at least one rheology modifying polymer chosen from: (i) a slightly cross-linked, alkali-swellable acrylate polymer contained in an aqueous dispersion comprising about 30% by weight of total solids; and (ii) a cross-linked anionic acrylate polymer contained in an aqueous dispersion comprising about 32% by weight of total solids; (c) at least one alkalizing agent; (d) from about 0.5% to about 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the agent, of at least one short chain hydroxyl compound chosen from monoalcohols and polyols; (e) at least one direct dye; (f) optionally, at least one oxidative dye precursor; and (g) optionally, at least one oxidizing agent. 